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Resources for program managers

Welcome to our resources page for national stakeholders and managers of IDD elimination and salt iodization programs who are looking for key documents on a range of programmatic topics.

The development of this page has been possible thanks to the support of UNICEF and Nutrition International.

Please send us your feedback to help us expand the page and tailor its content to your needs.

1. About iodine and Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)

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FAQ about iodine

		What is iodine? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 15:07
		Why do we need iodine? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 15:08
		How much iodine should we get? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 15:08
		Where do we get iodine from? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 15:09

Role of iodine in health and development

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Iodine facts for consumers

		Iodine factsheet for consumers [U.S. National Institutes of Health] [2016] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:39 National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements [Internet]. Iodine factsheet for consumers: US NIH 2016 [updated 2016 February 17, cited 2017 June 12]. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/	more information
		Food fact sheet: Iodine [British Dietetic Association] [2016] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:39 Food Fact Sheet. Iodine BDA: The Association of UK Dietitians 2016 Also visit: https://www.bda.uk.com/dt/articles/iodine and http://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts iodine deficiency, diet, introduction	more information
		Iodine deficiency FAQs [American Thyroid Association] [2017] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:40 American Thyroid Association [Internet]. Iodine deficiency FAQs: ATA 2017 [cited 2017 June 12]. http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/	more information
		Dietetic implications of iodine deficiency [British Dietetic Association] [2017] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:39 Bath S, Dietetic implications of iodine deficiency: BDA The Association of UK Dietitians 2017 [cited 2017 June 12]. https://www.bda.uk.com/dt/articles/iodine	more information
		A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women [2017] last update: Mon. 09.12.19 13:40 S Manousou, M Stål, C Larsson, C Mellberg, B Lindahl, R Eggertsen, L Hulthén, T Olsson, M Ryberg, S Sandberg and HF Nyström European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2017), 1–6 doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.134	more information

Metabolic role, physiology and dietary requirements

		Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination [WHO/NHD/01.1] [2001] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:36 Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. WHO/NHD/01.1. World Health Organisation / International Council for the Control of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders /United Nations Childrens Fund (WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF) Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001 Keywords: Iodine requirements, dietary needs, metabolism	more information
		Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc [IOM] [2001] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:36 Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc. Author: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM) Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Keywords: Iodine requirements, dietary needs, metabolism	more information
		Summary Tables [IOM] [2001] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:40 Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM) - Summary Tables Keywords: Iodine requirements, dietary needs, metabolism	more information
		Breastfeeding and maternal and infant iodine nutrition [2009] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:36 Fereidoun Azizi and Peter Smyth Breastfeeding and maternal and infant iodine nutrition Clinical Endocrinology (2009) 70, 803–809	more information
		Iodine deficiency [Endocrine Reviews] [2009] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:35 MB Zimmermann Iodine deficiency Endocrine Reviews, 2009, 30: 376–408 Table of contents: I. Introduction II. Ecology III. Dietary Sources IV. Absorption and Metabolism A. Thyroidal adaptation to iodine deficiency B. Goitrogens V. Requirements A. Definitions B. Adulthood C. Pregnancy and lactation D. Infancy E. Childhood VI. Methods to Assess Status A. Thyroid size B. Urinary iodine concentration C. Thyroid stimulating hormone D. Thyroglobulin E. Thyroid hormone concentrations F. Assessing status during pregnancy G. Assessing status during lactation H. Assessing status during infancy VII. Effects of Deficiency through the Life Cycle A. Pregnancy and infancy B. Childhood C. Adulthood VIII. Epidemiology IX. Treatment and Prevention A. Salt fortification with iodine B. Other fortification vehicles C. Iodine supplementation D. Strategies to prevent or correct deficiency during pregnancy and lactation X. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition A. Infancy B. Childhood C. Adulthood XI. Increasing Iodine Intakes in Populations and Iodine Excess A. Cross-sectional studies: the epidemiology of thyroid disorders in areas of low and high intakes B. Longitudinal studies: the effects of increasing intakes in populations on thyroid function XII. Conclusions	more information
		The Iodine Deficiency Disorders [Thyroid Disease Manager] [2009] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:36 The Iodine Deficiency Disorders Creswell J. Eastman, Michael Zimmermann in Thyroid Disease Manager/Endotext. 2009. De Groot LJ, Beck-Peccoz P, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, McLachlan R, New M, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Weickert MO, editors. http://www.thyroidmanager.org/ Thyroid Disease Manager© offers an up-to-date analysis of thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules and cancer, thyroiditis, and all aspects of human thyroid disease and thyroid physiology. THYROIDMANAGER is produced by Leslie J De Groot, MD (Editor) and 23 world-renowned authors. All chapters in our web-book are re-published as part of ENDOTEXT by NIH/NLM/NCBI books and are indexed on PUBMED: iodine deficiency, outcomes, consequences, evidence Chapter abstract: This chapter provides a global overview of the disorders caused by iodine deficiency. Special emphasis will be put on recent developments such as the role of iodine deficiency in the development of brain damage and mental retardation, assessment of the iodine status of a population, strategies for control and monitoring of the iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), as well as side effects of iodine. Keywords: consequences of iodine deficiency, iodine excess, metabolism, pathophysiology, physiology, etiology	more information
		Iodine-deficiency disorders [Lancet] [2008] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:36 Iodine-deficiency disorders Michael B Zimmermann, Pieter L Jooste, Chandrakant S Pandav 2008 Lancet, 372: 1251–62 Keywords: metabolism, pathophysiology, epidemiology, requirements	more information

Radioactivity and iodine

		Guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents [WHO] [1999] last update: Wed. 09.05.18 10:37 Author(s): Keith Baverstock Title: Guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents Published: Update 1999; Geneva: WHO Keywords: iodine radioactivity, nuclear accident	more information

Consequences of iodine deficiency and excess

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FAQs about iodine deficiency and excess

		What happens if we don't get enough iodine? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 15:47
		What happens if we get too much iodine? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 17:06
		How can we tell if we are getting the right amount of iodine? last update: Fri. 15.12.17 15:45

Pregnancy, fetal and child development

		Iodine as essential nutrient during the first 1000 days of life [2018] last update: Thu. 29.03.18 14:07 Inés Velasco, Sarah C. Bath, and Margaret P. Rayman Iodine as essential nutrient during the first 1000 days of life Nutrients 2018, 10(3), 290; doi:10.3390/nu10030290 Abstract Iodine is an essential micronutrient incorporated into thyroid hormones. Although iodine deficiency can lead to a broad spectrum of disorders throughout life, it is most critical in the early stages of development, as the foetal brain is extremely dependent on iodine supply. During the last two decades, our understanding of thyroid physiology during gestation has substantially improved. Furthermore, thyroid hormone receptors have been identified and characterised in placental and embryonic tissues, allowing us to elucidate the maternal-foetal transfer of thyroid hormones. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the cyto-architecture of the cerebral cortex can be irreversibly disturbed in iodine deficiency causing abnormal neuron migratory patterns which are associated with cognitive impairment in children. In this context, the role of iodine as key factor in the programming of foetal and infant neurodevelopment, needs to be revisited with a special focus on areas of mild to moderate iodine deficiency. The objective of this review is to summarize the available evidence from both animals and human studies, for the effect of iodine deficiency (particularly, of maternal hypothyroxinemia) on brain development and neurological or behavioural disorders, such as lower intelligence quotient (IQ) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).	more information
		Delayed conception in women with low-urinary iodine concentrations: a population-based prospective cohort study [2018] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:27 Author(s): J. L. Mills, G. M. Buck Louis, K. Kannan, J. Weck, Y. Wan, J. Maisog, A. Giannakou, Q.Wu, and R. Sundaram Title: Delayed conception in women with low-urinary iodine concentrations: a population-based prospective cohort study Published: Human Reproduction, 2018, pp. 1–8 doi:10.1093/humrep/dex379	more information
		Consequences of iodine deficiency and excess in pregnant women: an overview of current knowns and unknowns [2016] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:36 Elizabeth N Pearce, John H Lazarus, Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes, and Michael B Zimmermann Consequences of iodine deficiency and excess in pregnant women: an overview of current knowns and unknowns Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104(Suppl):918S–23S	more information
		Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) [2013] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:22 Author(s): Sarah C Bath, Colin D Steer, Jean Golding, Pauline Emmett, Margaret P Rayman Title: Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) Published: The Lancet 382 (9889), 2013: 331-337	more information
		Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort [2013] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:22 Author(s): Kristen L. Hynes, Petr Otahal, Ian Hay, and John R. Burgess. Title: Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort. Published: J Clin Endocrinol Metab, May 2013, 98(5):1954–1962	more information
		Iodine and mental development of children 5 years old and under: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2013] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:43 Karim Bougma, Frances E. Aboud, Kimberly B. Harding and Grace S. Marquis Iodine and mental development of children 5 years old and under: A systematic review and meta-analysis Nutrients 2013, 5, 1384-1416 doi:10.3390/nu5041384	more information
		The effects of iodine deficiency in pregnancy and infancy [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:27 Authors: MB Zimmermann Title: The Effects of Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy and Infancy Published:Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2012, 26:108–117 Keywords: consequences of deficiency, pregnancy	more information
		The role of iodine in human growth and development [review] [2011] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:31 Michael B. Zimmermann The role of iodine in human growth and development Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 22 (2011) 645–652 Abstract Iodine is an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones, and therefore iodine, are essential for mammalian life. Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem; globally, it is estimated that two billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake. Although goiter is the most visible sequelae of iodine deficiency, the major impact of hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency is impaired neurodevelopment, particularly early in life. In the fetal brain, inadequate thyroid hormone impairs myelination, cell migration, differentiation and maturation. Moderate-to-severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy increases rates of spontaneous abortion, reduces birth weight, and increases infant mortality. Offspring of deficient mothers are at high risk for cognitive disability, with cretinism being the most severe manifestation. It remains unclear if development of the offspring is affected by mild maternal iodine deficiency. Moderate-to-severe iodine deficiency during childhood reduces somatic growth. Correction of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in primary school aged children improves cognitive and motor function. Iodine prophylaxis of deficient populations with periodic monitoring is an extremely cost effective approach to reduce the substantial adverse effects of iodine deficiency throughout the life cycle.	more information
		The adverse effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and childhood: A review [2007] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:23 Author(s): MB Zimmermann Title: The adverse effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and childhood: A review Published: THYROID, Volume 17, Number 9, 2007; 829-835	more information
		Case studies from Serbia, US, Bosnia, New Zealand, Italy last update: Fri. 15.12.17 17:08 Iodine Global Network (previously International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders). Case studies from Serbia, US, Bosnia, New Zealand, Italy. IDD Newsletter 2010 August;37(3).	more information

Thyroid disease

		Thyroid Disease Manager/Endotext [updated 2017] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:28 Author(s): De Groot LJ, Beck-Peccoz P, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, McLachlan R, New M, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Weickert MO, editors. Thyroid Disease Manager offers an up-to-date analysis of thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules and cancer, thyroiditis, and all aspects of human thyroid disease and thyroid physiology. THYROIDMANAGER is produced by Leslie J De Groot, MD (Editor) and 23 world-renowned authors. All chapters in our web-book are re-published as part of ENDOTEXT by NIH/NLM/NCBI books and are indexed on PUBMED Keywords: iodine deficiency, outcomes, consequences, evidence	more information
		Autoimmune thyroid disorders [2015] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:13 Alessandro Antonelli, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Alda Corrado, Andrea Di Domenicantonio, Poupak Fallahi Autoimmune thyroid disorders Autoimmunity Reviews 14 (2015) 174–180	more information
		Iodine intake as a risk factor for thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies [2015] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 21:15 Author(s): Michael B. Zimmermann and Valeria Galetti Title: Iodine intake as a risk factor for thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies Published: Thyroid Research (2015) 8:8 DOI 10.1186/s13044-015-0020-8	more information
		Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations [2010] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:27 Peter Laurberg, Charlotte Cerqueira, Lars Ovesen, Lone Banke Rasmussen, Hans Perrild, Stig Andersen, Inge Bulow Pedersen, Allan Carle Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24 (2010) 13–27	more information

Hypercholesterolemia

		Iodine supplementation decreases hypercholesterolemia in iodine-deficient, overweight women: A randomized controlled trial [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:12 Iodine supplementation decreases hypercholesterolemia in iodine-deficient, overweight women: A randomized controlled trial Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Mohamed Cherkaoui, Nawal El Ansari, Riccarda Rohner, Sara Stinca, Laila Chabaa, Arnold von Eckardstein, Abdelmounaim Aboussad, and Michael B Zimmermann The Journal of Nutrition First published ahead of print July 22, 2015 as doi: 10.3945/jn.115.213439	more information

Iodine excess

		Consequences of excess iodine [2014] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 21:18 Consequences of excess iodine Angela M. Leung and Lewis E. Braverman Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10, 136–142 (2014); published online 17 December 2013; doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.251 Abstract: Iodine is a micronutrient that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. The primary source of iodine is the diet via consumption of foods that have been fortified with iodine, including salt, dairy products and bread, or that are naturally abundant in the micronutrient, such as seafood. Recommended daily iodine intake is 150 μg in adults who are not pregnant or lactating. Ingestion of iodine or exposure above this threshold is generally well-tolerated. However, in certain susceptible individuals, including those with pre-existing thyroid disease, the elderly, fetuses and neonates, or patients with other risk factors, the risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction might be increased. Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as a result of supraphysiologic iodine exposure might be either subclinical or overt, and the source of the excess iodine might not be readily apparent.	more information
		Iodine excess [2010] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:27 Iodine excess Hans Burgi Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24 (2010) 107–115 Keywords: iodine excess, Buergi, Burgi	more information
		Iodine intake in Somalia is excessive and associated with the source of household drinking water [2014] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:21 Kassim IAR, Moloney G, Busili A et al. Iodine intake in Somalia is excessive and associated with the source of household drinking water. Journal of Nutrition 2014;144(3):375-381. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.176693	more information
		Drinking water contributes to excessive iodine intake among children in Hebei, China [2013] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:23 S Lv, Y Wang, D Xu, S Rutherford, Z Chong, Y Du, L Jia and J Zhao Drinking water contributes to excessive iodine intake among children in Hebei, China. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013;67, 961-965. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.127	more information

2. Eliminating IDD through Universal Salt Iodization (USI)

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Evidence for USI

		Chapter 22: Efficacy and Safety of Iodine Fortification [2018] last update: Tue. 04.09.18 02:22 Title: Chapter 22: Efficacy and Safety of Iodine Fortification Author: Michael B Zimmermann In: Food Fortification in a Globalized World, 1st Edition. Editors: M.G.Venkatesh Mannar and Richard Hurrell Published Date: 20th June 2018 eBook ISBN: 9780128028971 Chapter Outline 22.1 Introduction: The Iodine Deficiency Disorders 22.1.1 Diffuse Goiter and Mutinodular Toxic Goiter 22.1.2 Neurocognitive Impairment 22.2 Efficacy of Iodized Salt: National and Global Iodine Status 22.3 Nutritional Goitrogens That Influence Iodine Efficacy 22.4 Assessment of Iodine Status in Populations 22.5 The Safety of Iodized Salt Programs and the Effects of Iodine Excess 22.6 Conclusions References Further Reading	more information
		Iodine nutrition status in lactating mothers residing in countries with mandatory and voluntary iodine fortification programs: an updated systematic review [2015] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:44 Iodine nutrition status in lactating mothers residing in countries with mandatory and voluntary iodine fortification programs: an updated systematic review Pantea Nazeri, Parvin Mirmiran, Niloofar Shiva, Yadollah Mehrabi, Mehdi Mojarrad, and Fereidoun Azizi THYROID Volume 25, Number 6, 2015 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0491	more information
		The impact of iodine deficiency eradication on schooling: Evidence from the introduction of iodized salt in Switzerland [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:01 The impact of iodine deficiency eradication on schooling: Evidence from the introduction of iodized salt in Switzerland Dimitra Politi 2014 consequences of deficiency, cognitive ability, productivity	more information
		The effects of the generalized use of iodized salt on occupational patterns in Switzerland [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:03 The effects of the generalized use of iodized salt on occupational patterns in Switzerland Dimitra Politi 2014 consequences of deficiency, cognitive ability, productivity, rationale	more information
		Effect and safety of salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses [2014] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:45 Effect and safety of salt iodization to prevent iodine deficiency disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses Authors:Nancy J Aburto, Minawaer Abudou, Vanessa Candeias, Tiaxiang Wu 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) ISBN 978 92 4 150828 5 Keywords: USI rationale, evidence, IDD prevention, meta-analysis, systematic review	more information
		The changing epidemiology of iodine deficiency [2012] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:37 Mu Li and Creswell J. Eastman Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. advance online publication 3 April 2012; doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.43	more information
		Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders (Cochrane review) [2009] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:45 Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders Wu T, Liu GJ, Li P, Clar C 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. The Cochrane Library, Issue 1. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords: USI rationale, iodization, evidence, review, cochrane	more information

Cost-benefit analysis

		What do we know about cost and impact of nutrition interventions? [2016] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:34 What do we know about cost and impact of nutrition interventions? Sue Horton 2016 University of Waterloo	more information
		Investing in the future. A united call to action on vitamin and mineral deficiencies: Global Report 2009 [2009] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:35 FFI, GAIN, MI, USAID, The World Bank, UNICEF Investing in the future. A united call to action on vitamin and mineral deficiencies: Global Report 2009 ISBN: 978-1-894217-31-6 advocacy, policy, rationale	more information
		The economics of food fortification [2006] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:34 The economics of food fortification Symposium: Food Fortification in Developing Countries Sue Horton The Journal of Nutrition, 2006, 136: 1068–1071 cost benefit analysis, rationale, economics, fortification	more information
		Benefits and costs of the food and nutrition targets for the post-2015 development agenda [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:55 Horton S and Hoddinott J. Benefits and Costs of the Food and Nutrition Targets for the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Food Security and Nutrition Perspective Paper. Copenhagen Consensus Center 2014.	more information
		Household wealth and iodised salt consumption: iodised salt at any price? [2004] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:34 Household wealth and iodised salt consumption: iodised salt at any price? A Report to the Network for Sustained Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Simon Wheeler, Frits van der Haar 21 July 2004 Emory University Rollins School of Public Health cost benefit, economy	more information
		The role of cognitive skills in economic development [2008] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:34 The role of cognitive skills in economic development Eric A. Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann Journal of Economic Literature, 2008, 46:3, 607–668 cost benefit analysis, economic development, productivity	more information

Micronutrient interventions: Copenhagen Consensus

		Fighting hunger and malnutrition: Bjorn Lomborg [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:47
		How to spend $75 billion to make the world a better place [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:48 Lomborg B. How to Spend $75 Billion to Make the World a Better Place. 2nd ed. Copenhagen Consensus Center 2014. How to Spend $75 Billion To Make The World A Better Place When it comes to aid spending, political decision-makers often act as if the pool of resources is infinite, and that we should tackle all the world’s problems, right now. Tough choices inevitably must be made – but there are few transparent, practical ways for such spending to be prioritized. If we can’t solve all the world’s problems today, what should we do first? How can aid spending most effectively improve the lives of the world’s poorest and most afflicted people? These topics are tackled by How to Spend $75 Billion to Make the World a Better Place, featuring the insights of Bjorn Lomborg and dozens of eminent economists. The book presents cutting-edge research to evaluate the costs and benefits of the smartest solutions to twelve global problems, if $75 billion were spent over four years. For example: The highest ranked solution – meaning that it yields the most benefit for the least cost – is to spend $3 billion over four years, on a bundle of micronutrients and medicines to reduce under-nutrition and improve education in preschool-aged children. For about $100 per child, this bundle could reduce chronic under-nutrition by 36 percent in developing countries. More than 100 million children could start their lives without stunted growth or malnourishment. Because these children will lead healthier, more productive lives as adults – a virtuous cycle of dramatic development – each dollar spent addressing chronic under-nutrition has a $30 payoff in economic terms. Ultimately, when all the benefits are translated into economic terms, every dollar spent on malnutrition will likely do $63 worth of global good. Other top-ranked solutions include expanding malaria treatment (generating $35 in benefits for every dollar spent), immunization for children, and deworming. Politicians, philanthropists, NGOs, humanitarian agencies, journalists – and anyone who cares deeply about changing the world – will benefit from this enlightening and informative book.	more information
		Feeding people is smart: It's the best investment to do good in the world [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:47 Lomborg B. Feeding people is smart: It’s the best investment to do good in the world. The Economic Times, 2014 October 16. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/feeding-people-is-smart-its-the-best-investment-to-do-good-in-the-world/articleshow/44831035.cms?intenttarget=no	more information
		Hunger and malnutrition: Challenge Paper [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:54 Hunger and malnutrition: Challenge Paper John Hoddinott, Mark Rosegrant, Maximo Torero Copenhagen Consensus, 2012	more information
		Bundled micronutrient interventions to fight hunger and improve education [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:47 Copenhagen Consensus Center. Bundled micronutrient interventions to fight hunger and improve education. Expert Panel Findings, Third Copenhagen Consensus 2012.	more information
		Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Challenge Paper: hunger and malnutrition [2008] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:46 Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Challenge Paper: Hunger and Malnutrition Sue Horton, Harold Alderman and Juan A. Rivera Draft, May 11 2008 The Copenhagen Consensus Center USI rationale, cost benefit analysis, advocacy	more information
		Micronutrient fortification and biofortification challenge [2017] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:53 Copenhagen Consensus Guide to Giving. Micronutrient Fortification and Biofortification Challenge: Copenhagen Consensus Center 2017 [cited 2017 June 12].	more information

Provision of iodine through other interventions

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Supplementation

		Iodine supplementation in pregnant and lactating women (eLENA) last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:42 World Health Organization Recommendations, Guidelines and Evidence, e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). Iodine supplementation in pregnant and lactating women: WHO 2017 [updated 2017 March 6, cited 2017 June 12]. http://www.who.int/elena/titles/iodine_pregnancy/en/	more information
		Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [MITCH study 2017] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:47 Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [MITCH study] Sueppong Gowachirapant, Nidhi Jaiswal, Alida Melse-Boonstra, Valeria Galetti, Sara Stinca, Ian Mackenzie, Susan Thomas, Tinku Thomas, Pattanee Winichagoon, Krishnamachari Srinivasan, Michael B Zimmermann Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017, 5(11), 853-863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30332-7	more information
		Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period [Cochrane review 2017] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:44 Harding KB, Peña-Rosas JP, Webster AC, Yap CMY, Payne BA, Ota E, De-Regil LM Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period (Review) 2017 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD011761. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011761.pub2. Keywords: evidence, supplementation, pregnancy	more information
		Costs and benefits of iodine supplementation for pregnant women in a mildly to moderately iodine-deficient population: a modelling analysis [2015] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:02 Mark Monahan, Kristien Boelaert, Kate Jolly, Shiao Chan, Pelham Barton, Tracy E Roberts Costs and benefits of iodine supplementation for pregnant women in a mildly to moderately iodine-deficient population: a modelling analysis Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015 Published Online: August 10, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00212-0	more information
		Iodine supplementation decreases hypercholesterolemia in iodine-deficient, overweight women: A randomized controlled trial [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:14 Iodine supplementation decreases hypercholesterolemia in iodine-deficient, overweight women: A randomized controlled trial Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Mohamed Cherkaoui, Nawal El Ansari, Riccarda Rohner, Sara Stinca, Laila Chabaa, Arnold von Eckardstein, Abdelmounaim Aboussad, and Michael B Zimmermann The Journal of Nutrition First published ahead of print July 22, 2015 as doi: 10.3945/jn.115.213439	more information
		Impact of iodine supplementation in mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis [2014] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:52 Author(s): Peter N Taylor, Onyebuchi E Okosieme, Colin M Dayan and John H Lazarus. Title: Impact of iodine supplementation in mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis. Published: European Journal of Endocrinology (2014) 170, R1–R15	more information
		Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on child development and other clinical outcomes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [2013] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 17:48 Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on child development and other clinical outcomes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Shao J Zhou, Amanda J Anderson, Robert A Gibson, and Maria Makrides Am J Clin Nutr, 2013; 98: 1241–54 Keywords: supplementation	more information
		The challenges of iodine supplementation: a public health programme perspective [2010] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:46 Juliawati Untoro, Arnold Timmer, Werner Schultink The challenges of iodine supplementation: a public health programme perspective Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24 (2010) 89–99	more information
		Iodine supplementation for pregnant and breastfeeding women [Australia] [2010] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:07 Iodine supplementation for pregnant and breastfeeding women NHMRC Public Statement The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia, January 2010 introduction, diet, fact sheet, supplementation	more information
		Preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in populations affected by an emergency [2006] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:36 Preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in populations affected by an emergency Joint statement by the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme and the United Nations Children’s Fund WHO, WFP, UNICEF; March 2006 vehicle, iodine intervention, program design	more information

Micronutrient powders (MNPs)

		Micronutrient powders and iodine [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:39 Micronutrient powders and iodine Kevin M. Sullivan, Parminder S. Suchdev and Laird J. Ruth IDD Newsletter, 2012, No. 1 (Feb)	more information

Parenteral and enteral nutrition

		Goiter and hypothyroidism during parenteral nutrition [2017] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:48 Excerpted from: S Pearson, C Donnellan, L Turner, E Noble, K Seejore and R D Murray. Endemic goitre and hypothyroidism in an adult female patient dependent on total parenteral nutrition. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep, 2017 Jun 7; 2017. pii: 17-0030. doi: 10.1530/EDM-17-0030 IDD Newsletter, 2017, Vol 45, No. 3 (Aug)	more information
		Iodine content of enteral and parenteral nutrition solutions [2017] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:49 Devina L. Willard, Lorraine S. Young, Xuemei He, Lewis E. Braverman, and Elizabeth N. Pearce Iodine content of enteral and parenteral nutrition solutions Endocrine Practice, July 2017, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 775-779. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP161692.OR ABSTRACT Objective: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, and iodine deficiency may result in thyroid disorders including goiter and hypothyroidism. Patients on long-term enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) may be at risk for micronutrient deficiencies. The recommended daily allowance for iodine intake is 150 μg for nonpregnant adults. However, there is no current consensus among scientific societies regarding the quantity of iodine to be added in adult EN and PN formulations. The objective of this study was to determine the iodine content of U.S. adult enteral and parenteral nutrition solutions. This study also aimed to determine whether adult patients in the United States who are receiving long-term artificial nutrition may be at risk for iodine deficiency. Methods: Ten enteral nutrition solutions and 4 parenteral nutrition solutions were evaluated. The iodine contents of these solutions were measured spectrophotometrically and compared to the labeled contents. Results: Measured and labeled EN iodine contents were similar (range 131–176 μg/L and 106–160 μg/L, respectively). In contrast, PN formulas were found to contain small, unlabeled amounts of iodine, averaging 27 μg/L. Conclusion: Typical fluid requirements are 30 to 40 mL/kg/day for adults receiving either total EN (TEN) or total PN (TPN). Adults on long-term TEN likely consume enough servings to meet their daily iodine requirements. However, patients on long-term TPN would require on average 5.6 L PN/day to meet the recommended daily allowance of iodine. This volume of PN is far in excess of typical consumption. Thus, U.S. patients requiring long-term TPN may be at risk for iodine deficiency. Abbreviations: EN = enteral nutrition; PN = parenteral nutrition; TEN = total enteral nutrition; TPN = total parenteral nutrition; UIC = urinary iodine concentration	more information
		X. Enteral and parenteral nutrition [Endocrine Reviews] [2009] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:55 X. Enteral and parenteral nutrition [Endocrine Reviews] [2009] in: Iodine deficiency MB Zimmermann Endocrine Reviews, 2009, 30: 376–408	more information

3. Global progress against IDD

		last update:

Current population iodine status and household salt coverage

		last update:

Current iodine status

		Global iodine scorecard and map of iodine nutrition last update: Sat. 16.12.17 02:00
		WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) Micronutrients database last update: Sat. 16.12.17 18:24 World Health Organization Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) Micronutrients database. Database on Iodine Deficiency. WHO 2006 [updated 2006, cited 2017 June 12]	more information
		The WHO Global Database on iodine deficiency disorders: the importance of monitoring iodine nutrition [2003] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:17 Maria Andersson, Bahi Takkouche, Ines Egli and Bruno de Benoist The WHO Global Database on iodine deficiency disorders: the importance of monitoring iodine nutrition Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition, 2003, 47 (4): 162-166 DOI: 10.1080/11026480310022334 program design, monitoring, advocacy	more information

Current salt iodization coverage

		Household consumption of iodized salt: Global Database last update: Sat. 16.12.17 18:47 Author(s): UNICEF Data: Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women Title: Household consumption of iodized salt: Global Database Published: December 2017 Source: https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Iodized-salt-consumption-December_2017.xlsx	more information
		Globally, 86 per cent of the population has access to iodized salt last update: Sat. 16.12.17 18:36 Author(s): UNICEF Data: Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women Title: Globally, 86 per cent of the population has access to iodized salt. Updated: December 2017	more information

Sustaining USI: Case studies and reports

		last update:

Global

		Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020 last update: Wed. 16.06.21 09:29
		WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA) last update: Wed. 16.06.21 09:28 WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA). WHO 2012 [© 2012, cited 2017 June 12].	more information
		Household coverage with adequately iodized salt varies greatly between countries and by residence type and socioeconomic status within countries: Results from 10 national coverage surveys [2017] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 12:38 Knowles MK, Garrett GS, Gorstein J, et al. Household Coverage with Adequately Iodized Salt Varies Greatly between Countries and by Residence Type and Socioeconomic Status within Countries: Results from 10 National Coverage Surveys. J. Nutr, May 2017, 147(5) First published April 12, 2017, doi: 10.3945/jn.116.242586	more information
		Nutridash: Facts and Figures. Nutrition Programme Data for the SDGs (2015–2030) [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:52 Nutridash: Facts and Figures. Nutrition Programme Data for the SDGs (2015–2030) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, April 2017	more information
		Access to iodized salt in 11 low- and lower-middle-income countries: 2000 and 2010 [2016] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 18:48 Access to iodized salt in 11 low- and lower-middle-income countries: 2000 and 2010 Thach Duc Tran, Basil Hetzel & Jane Fisher Bull World Health Organ 2016, 94: 122–129 Keywords: current USI program status	more information
		Nutridash 2013: Global report on the pilot year [2014] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:01 UNICEF. Nutridash 2013: Global report on the pilot year. New York: UNICEF 2014.	more information
		Global iodine nutrition: Where do we stand in 2013? [2013] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:08 Elizabeth N. Pearce, Maria Andersson, and Michael B. Zimmermann Global iodine nutrition: Where do we stand in 2013? THYROID, Volume 23, Number 5, 2013 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0128	more information
		Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade [2012] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:21 Maria Andersson, Vallikkannu Karumbunathan, and Michael B. Zimmermann Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade The Journal of Nutrition, 2012, 142(4), 744-750 doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149393	more information
		Iodine nutrition and universal salt iodization: a landscape analysis in 2012 [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:09 Iodine nutrition and universal salt iodization: a landscape analysis in 2012 Arnold Timmer IDD Newsletter, 2012, No. 3 (Nov) program design	more information
		Sustainable universal salt iodization in low-income countries – time to re-think strategies? [2008] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:03 Sustainable universal salt iodization in low-income countries – time to re-think strategies? VD Assey, S Peterson and T Greiner European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2008, 62, 292–294 program design	more information
		Sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency: Progress since the 1990 World Summit for Children [2008] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:02 Sustainable Elimination of Iodine Deficiency: Progress since the 1990 World Summit for Children 2008 UNICEF iodine status, USI program status, advocacy	more information
		Iodine deficiency in 2007: Global progress since 2003 [2008] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:16 Iodine deficiency in 2007: Global progress since 2003 Bruno de Benoist, Erin McLean, Maria Andersson, and Lisa Rogers Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2008, 29 (3) Keywords: iodine status, USI status	more information
		Current global iodine status and progress over the last decade towards the elimination of iodine deficiency [2005] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 18:58 Current global iodine status and progress over the last decade towards the elimination of iodine deficiency Maria Andersson, Bahi Takkouche, Ines Egli, Henrietta E. Allen, Bruno de Benoist Bulletin of the World Health Organization, July 2005, 83 (7) Keywords: iodine status, USI status	more information
		Iodine status worldwide: WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency [2004] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 18:33 Iodine status worldwide: WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency Bruno de Benoist, Maria Andersson, Ines Egli, Bahi Takkouche, Henrietta Allen 2004 Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, WHO World Health Organization: Geneva ISBN 92 4 159200 1 Keywords: iodine status, historical data	more information
		Progress towards the elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) [WHO/NHD/99.4] [1999] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:28 UNICEF, WHO, ICCIDD Progress towards the elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) (WHO/NHD/99.4) Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization (WHO), 1999 Keywords: iodine status, historical data	more information
		Global prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders [1993] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 18:32 Global prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders. Micronutrient Deficiency Information System (MDIS), World Health Organization WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD. MDIS Working Paper #1 1993 Geneva; World Health Organization Keywords: iodine status, prevalence, historical	more information
		Prevalence and geographical distribution of endemic goitre. WHO Monograph Series [1960] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:40 Prevalence and geographical distribution of endemic goitre. WHO Monograph Series Kelly FC, Snedden WW. Geneva: WHO, 1960, 44: 27–233 Keywords: iodine status, goiter, historical data	more information

Americas

		Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in the Americas: a public health triumph [2017] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:10 Eduardo A Pretell, Elizabeth N Pearce, Sergio A Moreno, Omar Dary, Roland Kupka, Małgorzata Gizak, Jonathan Gorstein, Ruben Grajeda, Michael B Zimmermann Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in the Americas: a public health triumph Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5(6):412-414. Published Online January 31, 2017. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30034-7	more information
		The sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Latin America [2015] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:02 The Sustainable Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Latin America. Report of the Sub Regional Workshops to Evaluate the Current Situation of the Latin American Countries Eduardo A. Pretell 2015 Iodine Global Network, UNICEF, PAHO iodine status, USI program status	more information
		Optimal iodine nutrition in the Americas. Report of the Regional Meeting, May 5-6, 2004 - Lima, Peru [2005] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:51 Optimal iodine nutrition in the Americas. Report of the Regional Meeting, May 5-6, 2004 - Lima, Peru 2005 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD), under the auspices of Network for Sustained Elimination of Iodine Deficiency iodine status, USI program status	more information

Europe

		EUthyroid: making Europe smarter with iodine [2016] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:01 Title: EUthyroid: making Europe smarter with iodine Sub-title: EUthyroid: a new pan-European initiative to ensure adequate iodine intakes Author(s): This article is based on information provided on the EUthyroid project website (http://euthyroid.eu) and a paper by Henry Völzke et al. Ensuring Effective Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Thyroid 2016, 26(2). Published: IDD Newsletter 2016, vol 44, no. 1 Keywords: Volzke, Voelzke, EUthyroid	more information
		The challenges of harmonising the iodine supply across Europe [2016] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:01 Sarah C Bath The challenges of harmonising the iodine supply across Europe Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016 Published Online: December 6, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30329-1 Keywords: EUthyroid	more information
		Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Europe [2015] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 22:50 Michael B Zimmermann, Małgorzata Gizak, Karen Abbott, Maria Andersson, John H Lazarus Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Europe Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015 Published Online: August 10, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00263-6	more information
		Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in the UK: the costs of inaction [2015] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:00 Elizabeth N Pearce Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in the UK: the costs of inaction Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015 Published Online: August 10, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00228-4	more information
		Iodine Status in Europe in 2014 [2014] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:26 Iodine Status in Europe in 2014 John H. Lazarus European Thyroid Journal, 2014, 3:3–6 doi.org/10.1159/000358873 Keywords: iodine status, Europe	more information
		Universal Salt Iodization in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Experiences, achievements and lessons learned during the decade 2000-2009 [2011] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:02 Universal Salt Iodization in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Experiences, achievements and lessons learned during the decade 2000-2009. 2011 UNICEF iodine status, USI program status	more information
		Prevalence of iodine deficiency in Europe in 2010 [2011] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:30 Michael B. Zimmermann and Maria Andersson Prevalence of iodine deficiency in Europe in 2010 Annales d'Endocrinologie (Annals of Endocrinology), 2011, 72; 164-166 Keywords: iodine status, Europe, historical data	more information
		Iodine deficiency in Europe: A continuing public health problem [2007] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:18 Iodine deficiency in Europe: A continuing public health problem Andersson M, De Benoist B, Darnton-Hill I, Delange F. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007 Keywords: iodine status, USI status	more information

Asia

		Meeting Report: The East Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on Achievement of Universal Salt Iodization for Optimal Iodine Nutrition 12-14 October 2015 - Bangkok, Thailand [2016] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:27 Meeting Report: The East Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on Achievement of Universal Salt Iodization for Optimal Iodine Nutrition 12-14 October 2015 – Bangkok, Thailand UNICEF/EAPRO East Asia and Pacific Regional Office, 2016 The workshop was jointly organised by UNICEF, the Iodine Global Network (IGN), the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Micronutrient Initiative (MI) and was co-hosted by the Ministry of Health of Thailand. Keywords: iodine status, HHIS status, progress, South East Asia	more information
		Report of ICCIDD review mission in Viet Nam [2013] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:02 Creswell J Eastman, Gary Ma, Mu Li Report of ICCIDD review mission in Viet Nam between 25th – 28th February 2013 and 6th – 16th May 2013 ICCIDD, 2013	more information
		Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in South-East Asia [SEA-NUT-174] [2008] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:01 Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in South-East Asia (SEA-NUT-174). Report of an expert consultative meeting Bangkok, Thailand, 25–26 June 2007 WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, March 2008 Includes recommendations made by the Joint Health Secretaries/ Consultative Committee for Programme Development and Management meeting (2-6 July 2007) to the Sixtieth session of the Regional Committee Keywords: iodine status, USI status	more information
		Global progress on eliminating iodine deficiency [in Sri Lanka and China] [2002] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:03 Global Progress on Eliminating Iodine Deficiency A brochure developed for the 2002 UNGASS Special Session for Children 2002 global policy, history, commitment, USI program status	more information
		The 9th International Symposium on Salt and MOH-UNICEF Workshop on Strategy for Prevention and Control of IDD in China [2009] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:26 The 9th International Symposium on Salt and MOH-UNICEF Workshop on Strategy for Prevention and Control of IDD in China [2009] Chen Zupei, Regional Coordinator, ICCIDD 9th International Symposium on Salt, Beijing, September 5-7, 2009	more information

Africa

		Review of findings from 7-country study in Africa on levels of salt iodization in relation to iodine deficiency disorders, including iodine-induced hyperthyroidism [WHO/AFRO/NUT/97.2] [1997] last update: Sat. 17.03.18 19:02 Review of Findings from 7-country Study in Africa on Levels of Salt Iodization in Relation to Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Including Iodine-Induced Hyperthyroidism (WHO/AFRO/NUT/97.2) Joint WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD Consultation, 8-9 July 1996, Geneva 1997 WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD program design	more information

Global policy development

		last update:

World Health Assembly (WHA)

		69th World Health Assembly: Sustaining the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders [2016] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:17 Sustaining the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders Progress Report submitted to the 69th World Health Assembly, 23–28 May 2016 IDD Newsletter 2016, Vol. 44, No. 2 (May)	more information
		65th World Health Assembly: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition: draft comprehensive implementation plan (A65/11) [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:12 Maternal, infant and young child nutrition: draft comprehensive implementation plan (A65/11) 65th World Health Assembly, 21-26 May 2012, Geneva, Switzerland 26 April 2012 global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		65th World Health Assembly: Nutrition of women in the preconception period, during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period (A65/12) [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:12 Nutrition of women in the preconception period, during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period (A65/12) 65th World Health Assembly, 21-26 May 2012, Geneva, Switzerland 16 March 2012 global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		65th World Health Assembly: closes with new global health measures (INTERNET: WHO Media Centre) [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:13 65th World Health Assembly closes with new global health measures (INTERNET: WHO Media Centre) 26 May 2012 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2012/wha65_closes_20120526/en/ global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		58th World Health Assembly: Implementation of resolutions (progress reports) (A58/23) [2005] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:13 Implementation of resolutions (progress reports) (A58/23) 58th World Health Assembly, 16-25 May 2005 in Geneva, Switzerland global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		58th World Health Assembly: Sustaining the elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders [2005] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:13 Sustaining the elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders 58th World Health Assembly, 16-25 May 2005 in Geneva, Switzerland global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		43rd World Health Assembly: Prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders [1990] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:13 Resolution WHA43.2 of the 43rd World Health Assembly May 1990 Keywords: global policy, history, commitment	more information
		39th World Health Assembly: Prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders [1986] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:13 Resolution WHA 39.31, Agenda item 29, of the 39th World Health Assembly, 16 May 1986	more information

UN General Assembly (UNGASS)

		UNGASS 70th Session, Press Release [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:07 FAO, WHO welcome resolution, a leap forward in galvanising action on nutrition 1 April 2016: The United Nations General Assembly today agreed a resolution proclaiming the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition from 2016 to 2025. (...)	more information
		Resolution on UN Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016-2025) (A/70/L.42), UNGASS 70th Session [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:04 http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/70/L.42 The United Nations General Assembly agreed a resolution proclaiming the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition from 2016 to 2025.	more information
		UNGASS 27th Session: A Better Future for Children: Progress Toward World Summit Goals for Health and Nutrition [2002] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:00 A Better Future for Children: Progress Toward World Summit Goals for Health and Nutrition F. Marc LaForce, Robert Steinglass, Marcia Griffiths, Indira Narayanan, Tina Sanghvi, Remi Sogunro, Paul Ickx, Kim Cervantes June 2001 Published by the Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project (BASICS II) for the United States Agency for International Development. Arlington, Virginia global policy, history, commitment, development Abstract: In 1990 world leaders assembled at the World Summit for Children made a commitment to “give every child a better future” and established 27 goals for improving children’s health and well being by the year 2000. Progress toward those benchmarks will be the focus of the first special session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to children, to be held 19-21 September 2001. In preparation for this meeting, the U.S. Coalition for Child Survival asked a number of experts to write briefing papers assessing efforts to achieve the goals of the 1990 summit. This document contains papers drafted by BASICS II staff summarizing what has been learned and accomplished during the past decade in eight important areas of child survival and makes recommendations for the future. The topics covered are: 1) maintaining a high level of immunization, 2) preventing neonatal tetanus, 3) reducing deaths from diarrhea, 4) reducing deaths from acute respiratory infections, 5) reducing deaths from measles, 6) reducing malnutrition, 7) promoting children’s growth, and 8) improving newborn health.	more information
		UNGASS 27th Session: A world fit for children (A/RES/S-27/2) last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:55 A world fit for children (A/RES/S-27/2) Resolution adopted by UNGASS, 27th Special Session for Children. 10 May 2002 New York global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		UNGASS 27th Session: A world fit for children [booklet] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:57 A World Fit for Children. Millennium Development Goals Special Session On Children Documents The Convention On The Rights Of The Child UNICEF 2002 global policy, commitment, development This booklet contains the commitments that were part of the Special Session on Children: the Millennium Development Goals, earlier pledged to by all 189 United Nations Member States; the Children’s Statement, ‘A World Fit for Us’, delivered at the opening plenary of the Special Session by two young delegates; the consensus outcome document of the General Assembly, ‘A World Fit for Children’, with goals and targets to be met; and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, ratified, acceded to or signed by 192 countries in the 12 years since it was first ratified, and the two Optional Protocols to the Convention.	more information
		UNGASS 27th Session: Smart Start for Children [2002] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:59 Smart Start for Children Frits van der Haar (UNICEF) 2002 global policy, history, commitment, development The SSC was an occasion for launching the Network for sustainable elimination of IDD at a special side event, "A Smart Start for Children" illustrated in this presentation.	more information
		UNGASS 27th Session: We the Children: End-decade review of the follow-up to the World Summit for Children (A/S-27/3) last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:05 We the Children: End-decade review of the follow-up to the World Summit for Children (A/S-27/3) UNGASS, 27th Special Session for Children 4 May 2001 global policy, development, history, commitment, USI program status Abstract: The present report, which is to be considered by the Preparatory Committee for the Special Session of the General Assembly on Children at its third session, in June 2001.	more information

International Conference on Nutrition (ICN)

		ICN 2014: Rome Declaration on Nutrition, Rome, 19-21 November 2014 last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:49 Rome Declaration on Nutrition. Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN), Rome, 19-21 November 2014 FAO and WHO, 2014 global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		ICN 2014: Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Secretariat on the Conference, Rome, 19-21 November 2014 last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:48 Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Secretariat on the Conference Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN), Rome, 19-21 November 2014 FAO and WHO December 2014 global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		ICN 1992: World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition last update: Mon. 08.01.18 14:57 World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition (W/U9260/E) International Conference on Nutrition (ICN): Rome December 1992 FAO and WHO global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		ICN 1992: Final Report of the Conference last update: Mon. 08.01.18 14:57 Final Report of the Conference International Conference on Nutrition (ICN): Rome December 1992 FAO and WHO global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		ICN 1992: Nutrition and development - a global assessment last update: Tue. 19.12.17 23:35 Nutrition and development - a global assessment International Conference on Nutrition (ICN): Rome 1992 FAO and WHO global policy, history, commitment, nutrition	more information

Ending hidden hunger: Montreal 1991

		Ending Hidden Hunger: The Montreal Micronutrient Conference last update: Mon. 08.01.18 14:58 Ending Hidden Hunger: The Montreal Micronutrient Conference November 1991 IDD Newsletter 7(4) global policy, history, commitment, development	more information
		Ending hidden hunger: A policy conference on micronutrient malnutrition last update: Mon. 08.01.18 14:58 International Conference on Ending Hidden Hunger, 10-12 Oct 1991, Montreal Ellen Messer Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 14, Number 1 global policy, history, commitment, development	more information

World Summit for Children: New York 1990

		Chapter 7: 1990: Global Political Support. World Summit for Children [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:20 1990: Global Political Support. World Summit for Children. Basil S. Hetzel and Creswell J. Eastman in History of the ICCIDD: 1980 - 2005 2015 global policy, commitment, advocacy, history	more information
		World Summit for Children - Mid-Decade Goal: Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) [1994] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:09 World Summit for Children - Mid-Decade Goal: Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) UNICEF-WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy Special Session, Geneva, 27-28 January 1994 global policy, history, commitment, USI program status	more information
		Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s last update: Tue. 19.12.17 00:40 On 30 September 1990 at the World Summit for Children held at the United Nations, the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children, and Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration were signed by 71 Heads of State and Governments, and later endorsed by 181 countries. In total 155 countries committed to the preparation of national plans of action for children. The Plan of Action established 7 major and 20 supporting goals considered achievable by the year 2000.	more information
		World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children. World Summit for Children: New York 1990 last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:41 On 30 September 1990 at the World Summit for Children held at the United Nations, the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children, and Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration were signed by 71 Heads of State and Governments, and later endorsed by 181 countries. In total 155 countries committed to the preparation of national plans of action for children. The Plan of Action established 7 major and 20 supporting goals considered achievable by the year 2000.	more information

#FutureFortified Global Summit, 9-11 September, 2015

		The Arusha Statement on Food Fortification, 11 September 2015 last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:47 The Arusha Statement on Food Fortification, 11 September 2015 Statement Delivered by H.E. Tumusiime Rhoda Peace, Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture, African Union On behalf of Summit Co-hosts	more information

EUthyroid: The Kraków Declaration on Iodine, 18 April 2018

		The Krakow Declaration on Iodine, 18 April 2018 last update: Fri. 20.04.18 13:30 Title: The Krakow Declaration on Iodine. Tasks and responsibilities for prevention programs targeting iodine deficiency disorders Author(s): The EUthyroid Consortium Short running title: Krakow Iodine Declaration of the EUthyroid Consortium Key words: Iodine; iodine deficiency; neurocognitive function; prevention; epidemiology; outcomes research; harmonization; multi-stakeholder approach	more information

Other

		Leaders' Declaration on reducing malnutrition. G7 Summit, 7-8 June 2015 last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:09 Keywords: global policy, commitment, development	more information
		Annex to the Leaders' Declaration on reducing malnutrition. G7 Summit, 7-8 June 2015 last update: Mon. 19.03.18 23:46 Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press office/2015/06/08/annex-g-7-leaders-declaration Accessed: 11 April 2016 Annex to the G-7 Leaders’ Declaration Schloss Elmau, Germany June 8, 2015	more information
		Global nutrition policy review: what does it take to scale up nutrition action? [WHO] [2013] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 00:06 Global nutrition policy review: what does it take to scale up nutrition action? WHO: Geneva, 2013 ISBN 978 92 4 150552 9 global policy, history, commitment, development, advocacy	more information
		The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders − Nutrition policy discussion paper No. 3 [1988] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:41 The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders − Nutrition policy discussion paper No. 3 Basil S Hetzel March 1988 United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Subcommittee on Nutrition global policy, history, commitment	more information

4. Iodine and the broader nutrition and development landscape

		last update:

Key nutrition resources and references

		WHO Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS) last update: Sun. 17.12.17 16:06 World Health Organization. Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS). WHO 2017 [© 2017, cited 2017 June 12].	more information
		Nutrition societies last update: Sun. 17.12.17 16:08
		Thyroid organizations last update: Sun. 17.12.17 16:17
		Key journals last update: Sun. 17.12.17 16:18

Development Goals (MDGs / SDGs)

		Nutridash: Facts and Figures. Nutrition Programme Data for the SDGs (2015-2030) [2017] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:03 Nutridash: Facts and Figures. Nutrition Programme Data for the SDGs (2015–2030) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, April 2017	more information
		Benefits and costs of the food security and nutrition targets for the post-2015 development agenda: Post-2015 consensus. Food security and nutrition perspective paper [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:19 Benefits and Costs of the Food Security and Nutrition Targets for the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Post-2015 Consensus. Food security and nutrition perspective paper Susan Horton, John Hoddinott Working paper, 2014 The Copenhagen Consensus Center nutrition resources, policy, advocacy	more information
		Human development report. Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:15 Human development report. Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 2014 On page 49: Meeting the Zero Hunger Challenge: "The Zero Hunger Challenge, launched in 2012 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, integrates a zero food loss and waste challenge and a 100 percent sustainable food system challenge. How can this be accomplished? ... Through a science-based marriage of nutrition and agriculture, agricultural remedies can be provided for nutritional maladies. For achieving nutrition security, there is a need for concurrent attention to under-nutrition or calorie deprivation, protein hunger, and hidden hunger caused by the deficiency in the diet of micronutrients like iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin B12.... Micro-nutrient deficiencies can be addressed through the popularization of biofortified crops."	more information
		Nutrition and the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals: A Technical Note [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:00 Nutrition and the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals: A Technical Note [2014] Patrick Webb United Nations Standing Committee on System Nutrition (UNSCN), October 2014	more information
		Human development report. Millennium Development Goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty [2003] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:18 Human development report. Millennium Development Goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty Published for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Oxford University Press, 2003 On page 110: Policy priorities and technical interventions, Goal 4: cutting under-five mortality by two-thirds: “Achieving Millennium Development Goal 4—reducing under-five mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015—will require addressing the main causes of child mortality. Technical interventions must focus on malnutrition, infectious and parasitic diseases and immunizations, delivered through a strengthened basic health care system.” … “Children’s health can suffer enormously from micronutrient (vitamin A, iron, zinc and iodine) deficiency, and can be addressed through supplementation (such as iodization of salt).”	more information

Maternal and child nutrition

		Iodine as essential nutrient during the first 1000 days of life [2018] last update: Thu. 29.03.18 13:55 Inés Velasco, Sarah C. Bath, and Margaret P. Rayman Iodine as essential nutrient during the first 1000 days of life Nutrients 2018, 10(3), 290; doi:10.3390/nu10030290	more information
		'Outrage and inspire' podcast series (First 1000 days) [2018] last update: Thu. 29.03.18 13:51 Podcast from the food and agriculture team at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Includes excerpts from Roger Thurow's book 'The first 1,000 days' "The Power of Three Little Words," Feb 12, 2018 In this episode, we hear the power of agriculture to move people from "neither/nor" lives to "and" lives - nutrition AND school, home improvements AND new clothes. This is a narrative from the First 1,000 Days book. Explore the podcast series library: outrageandinspire.libsyn.com/	more information
		The first 500 days of life: policies to support maternal nutrition [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:24 Gender and Health: The first 500 days of life: policies to support maternal nutrition John B. Mason, Roger Shrimpton, Lisa S. Saldanha, Usha Ramakrishnan, Cesar G. Victora, Amy Webb Girard, Deborah A. McFarland and Reynaldo Martorell Glob Health Action, 2014, 7 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23623 policy, consequences of iodine deficiency	more information
		Malawi: Key messages for 1000 special days last update: Thu. 29.03.18 13:23 Key Messages for 1000 Special Days The Government of Malawi, SUN: 1000 Special Days communication, advocacy, broader nutrition landscape	more information
		Editorial: Sustainable Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders: An essential maternal and child health intervention [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:03 Editorial: Sustainable Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders: An essential maternal and child health intervention Chandrakant S. Pandav, Kapil Yadav, Rakesh Kumar, Late M.G. Karmarkar The National Medical Journal of India, 2014, 27 (1) program design, coalitions, advocacy	more information
		Series from the Lancet Journals: Maternal and Child Undernutrition last update: Sun. 17.12.17 16:00 Series from the Lancet Journals. Maternal and Child Undernutrition. Lancet 2008 and 2013.	more information

Global Nutrition Report

		Global Nutrition Report last update: Sun. 17.12.17 15:55 Global Nutrition Report. Development Initiatives formerly IFPRI [© IFPRI, cited 2017 June 12].	more information

Salt reduction and salt iodization

		last update:

Salt reduction resources

		WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Salt Reduction last update: Sun. 17.12.17 16:00 World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Population Salt Reduction	more information
		World Action on Salt & Health (WASH) last update: Fri. 22.12.17 02:12
		SHAKE the salt habit - Technical package for salt reduction [2016] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 15:01 SHAKE the salt habit – Technical package for salt reduction WHO Collaborating Centre for Population Salt Reduction, 2016	more information
		Measuring population sodium intake: a review of methods [2014] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 15:05 Rachael M. McLean Measuring population sodium intake: a review of methods Nutrients 2014, 6, 4651-4662; doi:10.3390/nu6114651	more information
		Current salt reduction policies across gradients of inequality-adjusted human development in the WHO European region: minding the gaps [2013] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:58 Title: Current salt reduction policies across gradients of inequality-adjusted human development in the WHO European region: minding the gaps Author(s): Rodrigo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Margarida Siopa, Sarah J Simpson, Rachel M Amiya, Joao Breda and Francesco P Cappuccio Published: 2013; Public Health Nutrition, doi:10.1017/S136898001300195X Keywords: salt reduction	more information
		Mapping salt reduction initiatives in the WHO European Region [WHO] [2013] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:49 Mapping salt reduction initiatives in the WHO European Region Gauden Galea, Caroline Bollars, João Breda, Francesco Cappuccio, Joop Van Raaij, Rodrigo-Rodriguez Fernandez, Margarida Siopa, Godfrey Xuereb World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, 2013 salt reduction	more information
		Sodium reduction toolkit: A global opportunity to reduce population-level sodium intake [2013] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 15:03 Centers for Disease Control. Sodium Reduction Toolkit: A Global Opportunity to Reduce Population-Level Sodium Intake CDC 2013 [updated 2013 September 4, cited 2017 June 12].	more information
		Sodium reduction and health: evidence for public policy: Experience in the UK and world-wide [2010] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:58 Title: Sodium reduction and health: evidence for public policy: Experience in the UK and world-wide Author(s): Francesco P Cappuccio Published: World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, 2010 Keywords: salt reduction	more information

Synergy between salt iodization and salt reduction

		Introducing salt reduction strategies without jeopardizing salt iodization: a WHO workshop in South-East Asia [2015] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:35 Introducing salt reduction strategies without jeopardizing salt iodization: a WHO workshop in South-East Asia IDD Newsletter 2015, Volume 43, No. 1 (Feb) To harmonize national strategies to control iodine deficiency and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease, the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences conducted a Regional Workshop on sodium intake and iodized salt on 29–30 September 2014 in New Delhi, India.	more information
		Salt reduction and iodine fortification strategies in public health [WHO] [2014] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:53 Title: Salt reduction and iodine fortification strategies in public health: Report of a joint technical meeting convened by the WHO and The George Institute for Global Health in collaboration with the ICCIDD Global Network, Sydney, Australia, March 2013. Author(s): World Health Organization Published: 2014 Keywords: salt reduction, salt fortification, sodium reduction	more information
		Joint strategies for salt iodization and salt reduction in public health [2014] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:56 Title: Joint strategies for salt iodization and salt reduction in public health Published: IDD Newsletter, May 2014 Keywords: salt reduction	more information
		White paper on improving public health by optimizing salt and iodine intakes [PAHO] [2011] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:58 Title: White paper on improving public health by optimizing salt and iodine intakes. Washington DC Meeting, April 2011 Author(s): Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Published: 2011 Keywords: salt reduction	more information
		Improving public health through the optimal intake of iodine and sodium, Washington DC, PAHO [2011] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:57 Improving public health through the optimal intake of iodine and sodium, Washington DC, PAHO; March 31. Plans of ICCIDD for LAC and participation of IRLI Network Author(s): Eduardo A Pretell (Regional Coordinator for the Americas, ICCIDD) Published: April 1, 2011 Keywords: salt reduction	more information
		Improving public health by optimizing iodine and sodium intakes. Draft Position Document [PAHO] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:57 Title: Improving public health by optimizing iodine and sodium intakes. Draft Position Document Author(s): Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) Keywords: salt reduction	more information
		Salt as a vehicle for fortification: report of a WHO Expert Consultation, 21-22 March 2007, Luxembourg [2008] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:56 Salt as a vehicle for fortification. Report of a WHO expert consultation. Luxembourg, 21-22 March 2007 World Health Organization (WHO), 2008 ISBN 978 92 4 159678 7 program design, USI rationale, salt reduction	more information

5. Programs: Designing IDD elimination programs

		last update:

FAQs about IDD programs

		How do we provide iodine to a deficient population? last update: Sun. 17.12.17 17:33
		What is being done internationally about iodine deficiency? last update: Sun. 17.12.17 17:33
		How can countries maintain optimal iodine nutrition? last update: Sun. 17.12.17 17:34
		Who can prevent IDD? last update: Sun. 17.12.17 17:35
		How can I find out more? last update: Sun. 17.12.17 17:35

Program design: Key documents

		The #FutureFortified Global Summit on Food Fortification. Event Proceedings and Recommendations for Food Fortification Programs [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:20 The #FutureFortified Global Summit on Food Fortification. Event Proceedings and Recommendations for Food Fortification Programs Ian Darnton-Hill et al. Micronutrient Forum, The Government of Tanzania, Sight and Life, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), 2015 political commitment, advocacy, broader nutrition landscape, program design, national coalitions	more information
		Fortification of food grade salt with iodine for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders: Guideline [2014] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 09:53 Fortification of food-grade salt with iodine for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders 2014 Geneva: WHO ISBN 978 92 4 150792 9 USI program design, salt iodization, guidelines	more information
		Iodine nutrition and universal salt iodization: a landscape analysis in 2012 [2012] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:54 Iodine nutrition and universal salt iodization: a landscape analysis in 2012 Arnold Timmer IDD Newsletter, 2012, No. 3 (Nov) program design	more information
		Best Practice Paper: Food fortification with iron and iodine [2008] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:23 Best Practice Paper: Food fortification with iron and iodine Sue Horton, Venkatesh Mannar, Annie Wesley Working paper, October 2008 The Copenhagen Consensus Center best practice, advocacy	more information
		Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:16 Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation WHO Secretariat on behalf of the participants to the Consultation, M Andersson, B de Benoist, F Delange and J Zupan Public Health Nutrition, 2007, 10(12A), 1606–1611 Keywords: program design, guidelines, dietary recommendations, requirements	more information
		Reaching optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant and lactating women and young children [2007] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 09:52 Reaching optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant and lactating women and young children Joint Statement by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) evidence, program design	more information
		Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients [WHO/FAO] [2006] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:23 Lindsay Allen, Bruno de Benoist, Omar Dary and Richard Hurrell Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients 2006 WHO, FAO of the United Nations ISBN 92 4 159401 2 program design, guidelines	more information
		The roadmap towards achievement of sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency. Operational guidance: 2005 and beyond [2005] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:10 The Roadmap Towards Achievement of Sustainable Elimination of Iodine Deficiency. Operational Guidance: 2005 And Beyond UNICEF, 2005 USI program design, sustainability	more information

Program design: Tools

		Managing Universal Salt Iodization Communications (MUSIC): A tool for setting supply side targets for Universal Salt Iodization programs [User Guide] [2015] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:17 Managing Universal Salt Iodization Communications (MUSIC): A tool for setting supply side targets for Universal Salt Iodization programs Developed by UNICEF under UNICEF-GAIN USI Partnership Project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation April 2015	more information
		Tool - Managing Universal Salt Iodization Communications (MUSIC): A tool for setting supply side targets for Universal Salt Iodization programs last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:18 Tool (Excel) Managing Universal Salt Iodization Communications (MUSIC): A tool for setting supply side targets for Universal Salt Iodization programs Developed by UNICEF under UNICEF-GAIN USI Partnership Project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation April 2015	more information
		Food fortification formulator [Excel tool] [2008] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:51 Food fortification formulator [Excel tool] Designed by Omar Dary, USAID 2008 program design, QAQC, salt iodization	more information

6. Programs: Salt production and iodization

		last update:

Salt production and iodization

		How is salt made? last update: Mon. 19.03.18 21:44
		How is salt iodized? last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:41
		Iodate or iodide? last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:35
		Chapter 14: Salt [2018] last update: Tue. 04.09.18 02:23 Title: Chapter 14: Salt Author: M.G. Venkatesh Mannar In: Food Fortification in a Globalized World, 1st Edition. Editors: M.G.Venkatesh Mannar and Richard Hurrell Published Date: 20th June 2018 eBook ISBN: 9780128028971 Chapter Outline 14.1 Salt as a Carrier of Nutrients 14.2 Iodization of Salt 14.2.1 Consolidation and Modernization of the Salt Industry 14.2.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 14.2.3 International Support 14.3 Key Determinants to Achieve Universal Salt Iodization 14.3.1 Making Salt Iodization a Global Industry Norm 14.3.2 Sustained Public Education and Social Mobilization 14.3.3 Supporting Small Salt Producers 14.3.4 Engaging the Processed Food Industry 14.3.5 Monitoring and Adjusting Iodine Intakes 14.3.6 Double Fortified Salt 14.4 Multiple Fortification of Salt 14.5 Scale Up of DFS 14.6 Cost of Multiple Fortification 14.7 Conclusions References Further Reading	more information
		Stability of iodine in iodized salt used for correction of iodine-deficiency disorders [1997] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 19:03 Stability of iodine in iodized salt used for correction of iodine-deficiency disorders L.L. Diosady, J.O. Alberti, M.G. Venkatesh Mannar, and T.G. Stone Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 1997, 18 (4): 338-396. The United Nations University program design, QAQC, salt iodization	more information
		Salt iodization in Haiti: Challenges to improving salt production quality and recommendations for pursuing iodization [2010] [MPH project] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 14:56 Andrew Tyan Salt iodization in Haiti: Challenges to improving salt production quality and recommendations for pursuing iodization MPH Capstone Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, August 2010	more information

Suppliers of KIO3 / Cost recovery models

		Iodine production and industrial applications [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 16:45 Katja Hora, World Iodine Association (WIA) IDD Newsletter, 2016, Vol 44, No. 3 (Aug)	more information
		A study of iodized salt production cost in Bangkok Metropolitan Region [2015] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:25 Chollada Luangpituksa, Pairoj Luangpituksa A study of iodized salt production cost in Bangkok Metropolitan Region ACSS2015 Conference, Oral Presentation https://papers.iafor.org/submission16868/ Abstract: According to the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) program, all salt for human consumption in the Kingdom of Thailand has been regulated by the Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure adequate iodine nutrition. The salt producers have to ensure that iodized salt contains the iodine level of 20-40 mg iodine/kg (20-40 ppm). To substantially improve the quality of iodized salt, in 2013 the FDA subsidized 70 small-scale mixing machines (40 kg/batch) and 30 large-scale mixing machines (150 kg/batch). The producers have to bear the machine cost for only 30 percent of total price. This paper aims to calculate the iodized salt production cost by small-scale and large-scale mixing machines in the Bangkok Metropolitan region, where more than 75 percent of the salt producers in the central region received the subsidy. The data were collected through an in-depth interview of 13 samples out of a population of 28 by non-proportional purposive sampling during February and March 2015. The interviews were conducted at the salt production plants from 9 small-scale and 4 large-scale mixing machine operations. The average total cost of production comprises of raw material cost, capital cost, iodization cost, and packing cost. The average cost for iodized salt productions are 5,860 baht/ton for small scale machine-mixing method and 5,875 baht/ton for large scale machine-mixing method. A full paper is not available for this presentation.	more information
		Design and implementation of a revolving fund system for the supply and delivery of potassium iodate in Ethiopia. Report [2012] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 11:01 Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition Design and implementation of a revolving fund system for the supply and delivery of potassium iodate in Ethiopia. Report GAIN, July 2012	more information

Small-scale salt iodization and industry consolidation

		last update:

Key documents

		Coming soon last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:45

Case studies

		A review of country experiences in small-scale salt iodization [coming soon] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 12:28 Yusufali et al. A review of country experiences in small-scale salt iodization. Currently in draft; final to be attached	more information
		Transforming the salt industry in Tanzania to remove obstacles to USI [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:09 Vincent Assey, Jonathan Gorstein, Robin Houston, Festo Kavishe, Banda Ndiaye, Alister Shields IDD Newsletter, 2017, Volume 45, Number 4 (Nov) Tanzania, Africa, iodization, iodisation, industry, production, salt, small-scale, small scale	more information
		Data collection analysis of small-scale salt iodization in Bangladesh [2014] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:11 M. Burhan Uddin Analysis of small-scale salt iodization in Bangladesh Micronutrient Initiative, July 2014	more information
		Study on small-scale salt iodization in India. Final Report [2014] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:19 Clifford Fernandes-Strategy and Brand Consultant Study on small-scale salt iodization in India. Final Report Micronutrient Initiative, 25 July 2014	more information
		Small-scale iodized salt producers USI program in Indonesia [2014] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:43 Small-scale iodized salt producers. USI program in Indonesia Micronutrient Initiative Indonesia, 2014	more information
		IDD Newsletter 1/2013 - issue featuring case studies [2013] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 12:04 Iodine Global Network (previously International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders). Issue featuring case studies from small producers in Africa. IDD Newsletter, 2013, vol 41 number 4 (Nov).	more information
		Review of the Nyanyano salt bank in Ghana [2012] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:15 Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition Review of the Nyanyano Salt Bank in Ghana GAIN, September 2012 Ghana, Africa, salt iodization, iodisation, salt production, industry	more information
		Improved salt iodation methods for small-scale salt producers in low-resource settings in Tanzania [2009] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:22 Vincent D Assey, Thorkild Tylleskär, Philip B Momburi, Michael Maganga, Nicholaus V Mlingi, Marie Reilly, Ted Greiner and Stefan Peterson BMC Public Health 2009, 9:187 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-187	more information

Iodine in processed food

		last update:

Legislation

		Global Fortification Data Exchange (GFDx) last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:33
		Global Fortification Data Exchange (GFDx) Spanish last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:34
		Review of use of iodized salt in processed foods. Final report [2007] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 09:58 Justus M. de Jong Review of use of iodized salt in processed foods. Final report [2007] 14 August 2007	more information

Market availability / Supply

		Usage of iodized salt in processed food in Indonesia [2014] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:55 Usage of iodized salt in processed food in Indonesia Bakti Husada, Badan Pom, GAIN, Clarity; 2014	more information
		Use of iodized salt in processed foods in select countries around the world and the role of food processors [2012] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 14:50 Sarah Davis Ohlhorst, Margaret Slavin, Jennifer M. Bhide, and Betty Bugusu Use of iodized salt in processed foods in select countries around the world and the role of food processors Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2012, 11: 233-284 processed food, iodized salt	more information
		Review of use of iodized salt in processed foods. Final report [2007] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:57 Justus M. de Jong Review of use of iodized salt in processed foods. Final report [2007] 14 August 2007	more information

Consumption

		Iodine intake through processed food: Case studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010–2015 [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:51 Jacky Knowles, Frits van der Haar, Magdy Shehata, Gregory Gerasimov, Bimo Bimo, Bettina Cavenagh, Cherry C. Maramag, Edward Otico, Doddy Izwardy, Rebecca Spohrer, and Greg S. Garrett Iodine intake through processed food: Case studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010–2015 Nutrients. 2017 Aug; 9(8): 797 Published online 2017 Jul 26. doi: 10.3390/nu9080797	more information
		Can bouillon cubes deliver iodine to West African populations? [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:33 Dédényo M. Adossi, Nita Dalmiya Can bouillon cubes deliver iodine to West African populations? IDD Newsletter, 2016, Volume 44, Number 4 (Nov)	more information

7. Programs: Advocacy and political commitment

		last update:

Global Thyroid Groups: Calls for Universal Salt Iodization

		Asia-Oceania Thyroid Association Statement of Universal Salt Iodization last update: Fri. 18.10.19 08:08
		Latin American Thyroid Society Supports Monitoring the Optimal Salt Iodization last update: Fri. 18.10.19 08:05
		The American Thyroid Association Statement on Universal Salt Iodization last update: Fri. 18.10.19 08:08
		The Krakow Declaration on Iodine, led by EUthyroid last update: Fri. 18.10.19 07:58

Advocacy for USI: Best practices

		Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in the Americas: a public health triumph [2017] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:17 Eduardo A Pretell, Elizabeth N Pearce, Sergio A Moreno, Omar Dary, Roland Kupka, Małgorzata Gizak, Jonathan Gorstein, Ruben Grajeda, Michael B Zimmermann Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in the Americas: a public health triumph Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5(6):412-414. Published Online January 31, 2017. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30034-7	more information
		Meeting Report: The East Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on Achievement of Universal Salt Iodization for Optimal Iodine Nutrition 12-14 October 2015 - Bangkok, Thailand [2016] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:46 Meeting Report: The East Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on Achievement of Universal Salt Iodization for Optimal Iodine Nutrition 12-14 October 2015 – Bangkok, Thailand UNICEF/EAPRO East Asia and Pacific Regional Office, 2016 The workshop was jointly organised by UNICEF, the Iodine Global Network (IGN), the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Micronutrient Initiative (MI) and was co-hosted by the Ministry of Health of Thailand. Keywords: iodine status, HHIS status, progress, South East Asia	more information
		Fortifying our Future: A snapshot report on food fortification [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:32 Fortifying our Future: A snapshot report on food fortification Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), September 2015	more information
		The State Of The World's Children 2015: Executive Summary: Reimagine the future: Innovation for every child. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:33 The State Of The World’s Children 2015: Executive Summary: Reimagine the future: Innovation for every child. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) November 2014 ISBN: 978-92-806-4780-8 http://sowc2015.unicef.org Keywords: USI program status	more information
		Towards the global elimination of brain damage due to iodine deficiency. A global program for human development with a model applicable to a variety of health, social and environmental problems [2004] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:29 Basil Hetzel, Francois Delange, John T Dunn, Jack Ling, Venkatesh Mannar, Chandrakant Pandav (eds.) Towards the global elimination of brain damage due to iodine deficiency. A global program for human development with a model applicable to a variety of health, social and environmental problems 2004. Oxford University Press: Delhi iodine nutrition, global progress, policy, resource, book, media	more information

National coalitions

		Partnership with private sector: a path to combat iodine deficiency through Universal Salt Iodization in Indonesia [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:31 Report prepared by CCPHI Partnership with private sector: a path to combat iodine deficiency through Universal Salt Iodization in Indonesia Nutritionl International Indonesia (formerly Micronutrient Initiative), 2017 partners, partnership, public-private, private sector, industry, coalition	more information
		The #FutureFortified Global Summit on Food Fortification. Event Proceedings and Recommendations for Food Fortification Programs [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:23 The #FutureFortified Global Summit on Food Fortification. Event Proceedings and Recommendations for Food Fortification Programs Ian Darnton-Hill et al. Micronutrient Forum, The Government of Tanzania, Sight and Life, the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), 2015 political commitment, advocacy, broader nutrition landscape, program design, national coalitions	more information
		Investing in the future. A united call to action on vitamin and mineral deficiencies: Global Report 2009 [2009] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 14:36 FFI, GAIN, MI, USAID, The World Bank, UNICEF Investing in the future. A united call to action on vitamin and mineral deficiencies: Global Report 2009 ISBN: 978-1-894217-31-6 advocacy, policy, rationale	more information
		The national program for the elimination of IDD [2004] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:37 Section VII. The National Program for the Elimination of IDD CS Pandav and BS Hetzel In: Basil Hetzel, Francois Delange, John T Dunn, Jack Ling, Venkatesh Mannar, Chandrakant Pandav (eds.) Towards the Global Elimination of Brain Damage Due to Iodine Deficiency. A global program for human development with a model applicable to a variety of health, social and environmental problems. Oxford University Press: Delhi, 2004 http://www.ign.org/towards-the-global-elimination-of-brain-damage-due-to-iodine-deficiency.htm program design, national ownership, national coalitions	more information

Scaling-Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement

		Kenya: Key messages on Scaling Up Nutrition [2015] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:12 Key messages on Scaling Up Nutrition The Government of Kenya, 2015 communication, advocacy, broader nutrition landscape	more information
		Malawi: Key messages for 1000 special days last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:13 Key Messages for 1000 Special Days The Government of Malawi, SUN: 1000 Special Days communication, advocacy, broader nutrition landscape	more information

8. Programs: Legislation, regulation, enforcement

		last update:

Legislation and the regulatory enviroment

		Interactive Map: Fortification Legislation last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:41 The interactive map displays countries that have official documentation and/or a food standard that provides guidance or regulations for fortification (“voluntary fortification”) or legal documentation that has the effect of mandating fortification of a food with one or more vitamins or minerals (“mandatory fortification”), or countries that have written standards for the nutrients added in fortification (“fortification standards”). You may filter by income status, geographic region, and food vehicle(s).	more information
		Mapa: Legislación de la Fortificación last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:41 El mapa interactivo muestra países que tienen documentación oficial y/o un estándar alimenticio que proporciona orientación o reglamentaciones para la fortificación («fortificación voluntaria») o documentación legal que tiene el fin de exigir la fortificación de un alimento con uno o más vitaminas o minerales («fortificación obligatoria»), o países que tienen estándares escritos para los nutrientes adicionados en la fortificación («estándares de fortificación»). Usted puede filtrar por nivel de ingresos, región geográfica y vehículo(s) alimenticio(s).	more information
		Map of legislation for salt iodization [2016] last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:03 Iodine Global Network. Map of legislation for salt iodization. IGN 2016 June.	more information
		WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 14:10 WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA). Legislation and regulation information related to salt iodization: Search field. WHO 2012 [© 2012, cited 2017 June 12].	more information
		Can legislation on salt iodization be harmonized in Europe? [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 13:07 Wouter Lox (Managing Director, EU Salt) Can legislation on salt iodization be harmonized in Europe? IDD Newsletter, 2017, Volume 45, Number 4 (Nov) legislation, Europe, harmonization, harmonisation	more information
		Review of national legislation for Universal Salt Iodisation: South and East Asia and the Pacific [2015] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 15:35 Review of national legislation for Universal Salt Iodisation: South and East Asia and the Pacific July 2015 UNICEF East Asia and Regional Office (EAPRO), Bangkok	more information
		Regulatory monitoring systems of fortified salt and wheat flour in selected ASEAN countries [2013] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:28 Annoek van den Wijngaart, France Bégin, Karen Codling, Philip Randall, and Quentin W. Johnson Regulatory monitoring systems of fortified salt and wheat flour in selected ASEAN countries Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2013, vol. 34, no. 2 (supplement)	more information
		Meeting on Regulatory Monitoring of Salt and Flour Fortification Programmes in Asia, September 2011 [2013] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:14 Meeting on Regulatory Monitoring of Salt and Flour Fortification Programmes in Asia. Meeting report: 27-29 September 2011, Manila, Philippines WHO Western Pacific Region, March 2013 program design, monitoring, QAQC	more information
		Report on regulatory status of micronutrient fortification in South East Asia [2011] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:16 Mia Isabelle, Pauline Chan, Steffiana Y. Wijaya Report on regulatory status of micronutrient fortification in South East Asia Southeast Asia Region Report Series International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), 2011	more information
		The regulatory environment: Legislation, regulation and enforcement issues for salt iodization [MOST/USAID] [2004] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 15:37 Robin Houston (MOST/USAID) The regulatory environment: Legislation, regulation and enforcement issues for salt iodization Presented at the Moldova Monitoring workshop, April 2004	more information
		Regulations of fortified foods to address micronutrient malnutrition: legislation, regulations and enforcement [2000] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 08:16 Rose Nathan Regulations of fortified foods to address micronutrient malnutrition: legislation, regulations and enforcement Micronutrient Initiative, 2000 ISBN 1–894217–10–1	more information

Setting standards

		Interactive Map: Number of Food Vehicles with Standards last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:48 The interactive map displays countries that have official documentation and/or a food standard that provides guidance or regulations for fortification (“voluntary fortification”) or legal documentation that has the effect of mandating fortification of a food with one or more vitamins or minerals (“mandatory fortification”), or countries that have written standards for the nutrients added in fortification (“fortification standards”). The color of each country indicates the number of food vehicles for which some form of legal documentation exists, also detailed in the table below the map. Country classifications for region are from the United Nations and income status classification from the World Bank.	more information
		Mapa: Número de Vehículos Alimenticios con Estándares last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:50 El mapa interactivo muestra países que tienen documentación oficial y/o un estándar alimenticio que proporciona orientación o reglamentaciones para la fortificación («fortificación voluntaria») o documentación legal que tiene el fin de exigir la fortificación de un alimento con una o más vitaminas o minerales («fortificación obligatoria «), o países que tienen estándares escritos para los nutrientes adicionados en la fortificación («estándares de fortificación»). El color de cada país indica el número de vehículos alimenticios para los que existe algún tipo de documentación legal, también se detalla en la tabla debajo del mapa. Las clasificaciones de países para la región provienen de las Naciones Unidas y la clasificación del nivel de ingresos del Banco Mundial.	more information
		Interactive Map: Nutrient Levels in Fortification Standards (mid-range or average) last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:44 The interactive map displays the amount of each nutrient required in fortified foods, according to a country’s fortification standard. The color of each country reflects the mid-point (or average) amount of each nutrient that is required for addition to the fortified food selected, according to the country’s fortification standards. You may filter by geographic region, income status, food vehicle, nutrient(s), and nutrient compound(s). Country classifications for income status and region are from the World Bank.	more information
		Mapa: Niveles de Nutrientes en los Estándares de Fortificación (rango medio o promedio) last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:46 El mapa interactivo muestra la cantidad de cada nutriente requerido en alimentos fortificados, de acuerdo con el estándar de fortificación del país. El color de cada país refleja la cantidad de punto medio (o promedio) de cada nutriente que se requiere para adicionarlo a los alimentos fortificados seleccionados, de acuerdo con los estándares de fortificación del país. Usted puede filtrar por región geográfica, nivel de ingresos, vehículo alimenticio, nutriente(s) y compuesto(s) nutricional(es). Las clasificaciones de países para la región provienen de las Naciones Unidas y la clasificación del nivel de ingresos del Banco Mundial.	more information
		Interactive Map: Count of Nutrients In Fortification Standards last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:52 The interactive map displays the total number of nutrients in fortified foods, according to a country’s fortification standard. The color of each country reflects the total number of nutrients in the standard for the selected food vehicles. You may filter by geographic region, income status, food vehicle(s), and nutrient(s). Country classifications for income status and region are from the World Bank.	more information
		Mapa: Recuento de Nutrientes en los Estándares de Fortificación last update: Tue. 28.01.20 13:54 El mapa interactivo muestra el número total de nutrientes en alimentos fortificados, de acuerdo con el estándar de fortificación del país. El color de cada país refleja el número total de nutrientes en el estándar para los vehículos alimenticios seleccionados. Usted puede filtrar por región geográfica, nivel de ingresos, vehículo alimenticio y nutriente(s). Las clasificaciones de países para la región provienen de las Naciones Unidas y la clasificación del nivel de ingresos del Banco Mundial.	more information
		Review of iodine and salt sources for establishing iodization standards [2014] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:02 Bohac LM (Nutrition International), Harding KB, van der Haar F Review of iodine and salt sources for establishing iodization standards ICCIDD Global Network Iodine Task Force, 2014 legislation, standards	more information
		Role of national legislation in the interpretation and practice of salt iodization standards [2014] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 13:33 Role of national legislation in the interpretation and practice of salt iodization standards Bohac LM (Nutrition International), Harding KB, Timmer Arnold, ICCIDD Global Network Iodine Task Force 2014 legislation	more information
		Codex Alimentarius: Standard for food grade salt [FAO] [2013] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:43 Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) http://files.foodmate.com/2013/files_1116.html CODEX STAN 150-1985 Standard for Food Grade Salt 1. SCOPE This standard applies to salt used as an ingredient of food, both for direct sale to the consumer and for food manufacture. It applies also to salt used as a carrier of food additives and/or nutrients. Subject to the provisions of this standard more specific requirements for special needs may be applied. It does not apply to salt from origins other than those mentioned in Section 2, notably the salt which is a by-product of chemical industries. 2. DESCRIPTION Food grade salt is a crystalline product consisting predominantly of sodium chloride. It is obtained from the sea, from underground rock salt deposits or from natural brine.	more information
		An updated model for establishing salt iodization standards [2011] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 09:42 Omar Dary An updated model for establishing salt iodization standards A2Z/The USAID Micronutrient and Child Blindness Project January 2011	more information

Tools: regulatory monitoring and quality assurance/control (QA/QC)

		Chapter 3: Indicators of the salt iodization process [2007] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:34 Chapter 3: Indicators of the salt iodization process In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD 2007 World Health Organization: Geneva ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, QAQC, salt iodine levels, titration RTK, internal, external	more information
		User manual for iodization & QA [coming soon] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:02 VBSOFT Limited (India). User Manual for iodization & QA. VBSOFT 2012.	more information
		Improving compliance with food fortification standards. Meeting report, 26-27 April 2017 [2017] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 01:58 Improving compliance with food fortification standards Meeting Report of a Technical Consultation on Regulatory Monitoring Policy Priorities for Improving Fortification Compliance, 26-27 April 2017 in London, UK IDD Newsletter, 2017, vol 45, No. 3 (Aug)	more information
		Regulatory monitoring of fortified foods: Identifying barriers and good practices [2015] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:06 Regulatory monitoring of fortified foods: Identifying barriers and good practices Corey L Luthringer, Laura A Rowe, Marieke Vossenaar, Greg S Garrett Global Health: Science and Practice 2015, Volume 3, Number 3, 446-461	more information
		Managing quality of national iodized salt supplies: Large and medium-scale salt industries [2012] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:06 Justus M. de Jong, Frits van der Haar Managing quality of national iodized salt supplies: Large and medium-scale salt industries Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), April 2012	more information
		Annex 1: Titration method for determining salt iodate and salt iodide content [2007] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:22 Annex 1: Titration method for determining salt iodate and salt iodide content [2007] In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD World Health Organization: Geneva, 2007 ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, salt, titration, iodization, iodisation	more information
		Sodium chloride - analytical standard. Determination of total Iodine titrimetric method with sodium thiosulphate [2005] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:57 Sodium chloride - analytical standard. Determination of total Iodine titrimetric method with sodium thiosulphate EUSalt (European Salt Producers' Association) EuSalt/AS 002-2005 (Former numbering: ECSS/CN 91-1974 & ESPA/CN-E-109-1994)	more information
		WYD iodine checker last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:56 WYD iodine checker	more information
		Rapid Test Kits (RTKs) can only provide a ‘yes or no’ on whether salt contains iodine but cannot assess salt iodine content [2016] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:25 IDD Newsletter, 2016, Volume 44, Number 4 (Nov)	more information

9. Programs: Monitoring performance and impact

		last update:

Monitoring USI programs: Key documents

		eCatalogue of indicators for micronutrient programmes [WHO/CDC] last update: Thu. 28.11.19 12:24
		Webinar Framework last update: Tue. 10.12.19 13:18
		Webinar: Guidance on the Monitoring of Salt Iodization Programmes and Determination of Population Iodine Status last update: Thu. 28.11.19 12:22
		Guidance on the monitoring of salt iodization programmes and determination of population iodine status last update: Thu. 12.12.19 13:37 UNICEF, 2018 Key words: iodization, program, monitoring, guide, guidance	more information
		Guide pour le suivi des programmes d’iodation du sel et pour la détermination du statut en iode de la population last update: Thu. 12.12.19 13:37 UNICEF, 2018 Key words: iodization, program, monitoring, guide, guidance	more information
		Technical Working Group Meeting on research priorities for the monitoring of salt iodization programs and determination of population iodine status [2016] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:40 Author(s): UNICEF, IGN Title: Meeting Report: Technical Working Group Meeting on Research Priorities for the Monitoring of Salt Iodization Programs and Determination of Population Iodine Status, 17-18 December 2015, UNICEF Headquarters, New York, NY, US Published: New York: UNICEF, April 2016 Keywords: program design, program monitoring	more information
		Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and monitoring their elimination: A guide for programs managers. 3rd ed [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:42 Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD World Health Organization: Geneva, 2007 ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7	more information
		Annex 4: Methodology for selection of survey sites by PPS sampling [2007] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:57 Annex 4: Methodology for selection of survey sites by PPS sampling In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD World Health Organization: Geneva, 2007 ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, surveys, monitoring, PPS, sampling	more information
		VMNIS indicators and methods for cross-sectional surveys of vitamin and mineral status of populations [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:43 J Gorstein, I Parvanta, F Begin. VMNIS Indicators and Methods for Cross-sectional Surveys of Vitamin and Mineral Status of Populations The Micronutrient Initiative (Ottawa) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta), 2007 May.	more information
		Monitoring iodized salt programs. OMNI micronutrient update. Technical series [2001] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:53 Monitoring iodized salt programs. OMNI micronutrient update. Technical series [2001] USAID	more information
		Assessing country progress in Universal Salt Iodization programs: Iodized Salt Program Assessment Tool (ISPAT) [1999] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:19 Houston R, Lotfi M, Nathan R, Pandav C (eds.) Assessing country progress in Universal Salt Iodization programs: Iodized Salt Program Assessment Tool (ISPAT) ICCIDD, Micronutrient Initiative, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Opportunities for Micronutrient Interventions, Program Against Micronutrient Malnutrition, United Nations Children’s Fund, US Agency for International Development, World Health Organization. Ottawa, the Micronutrient Initiative 1999. "The Iodized Salt Program Assessment Tool (ISPAT) attempts to provide a holistic framework for the assessment and monitoring of salt iodization programs in order to ensure product quality, effective and efficient program management, process and impact monitoring. It draws on field experience in several countries around the world and offers a simple and low-cost mechanism for tracking and sustaining progress toward the goal. When such a framework is instituted in a country, it will go a long way toward ensuring that, once the IDD scourge has been eliminated, it never recurs in the future." (Preface) CONTENT Section I: The Product: Assessing Progress in Iodized Salt Production Section II: The Process: Assessing Progress in Program Implementation Section III: The Progress: Measuring Progress in Coverage and Impact Annex 1 Checklist for Assessing the Product Annex 2 Checklist for Assessing the Process Annex 3 Checklist for Assessing the Progress Annex 4 Conducting a Rapid Independent Survey Annex 5 Sample Questionnaires Annex 6 WHO Criteria for Assessing IDD	more information
		Monitoring Universal Salt Iodization programs [1995] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:58 Sullivan KM, Houston R, Cervinskas J, Gorstein J (eds) Monitoring Universal Salt Iodization Programs 1995 Foreword: This manual has been prepared in response to a strong need in the field for a systematic procedure to establish an iodized salt monitoring system within a country and monitor progress towards the achievement of the mid-decade goal of universal iodization of salt. It is designed for country program managers who require guidelines and reference material in order to design and implement IDD monitoring programs. The salt monitoring system implemented within a country will be affected by a combination of local factors including the salt industry and health infrastructure. It will therefore be up to a country program manager to select those elements most appropriate for their situation.	more information

Indicators of iodine status

		Guidance for researchers conducting population studies. Focus on monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) [EUthyroid, 2017] last update: Fri. 20.04.18 09:51 Title: Guidance for researchers conducting population studies. Focus on monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) Authors: Iris Erlund, Petra Arohonka, Laura Råman, Jouko Sundvall; EUthyroid consortium Published: National Institute for Health and Welfare Finland (THL), Directions 12/2017. Helsinki, Finland ISBN 978-952-302-897-5 ISSN 2323-4172 http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-897-5 Abstract EUthyroid aims to harmonise IDD related studies by improving their overall quality and comparability. For this aim, a guidance document for researchers was developed, serving as a practical tool for research professionals planning and conducting population studies, especially monitoring studies. The guide is divided into three parts: Part A includes general recommendations and issues related to study planning. Part B offers detailed instructions and recommendations for specimen collection and sample handling. Part C provides an overview of laboratory analysis related to urinary iodine and thyroid function.	more information
		Chapter 4: Indicators of impact [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 13:18 Chapter 4: Indicators of impact In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD 2007 World Health Organization: Geneva ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, urinary iodine, thyroid size, thyroid volume, TSH, tg, thyroglobulin	more information
		Urinary iodine, thyroid function, and thyroglobulin as biomarkers of iodine status [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:39 Elizabeth N Pearce and Kathleen L Caldwell Urinary iodine, thyroid function, and thyroglobulin as biomarkers of iodine status Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104(Suppl):898S–901S	more information
		Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): Iodine Review [2014] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:18 Fabian Rohner, Michael Zimmermann, Pieter Jooste, Chandrakant Pandav, Kathleen Caldwell, Ramkripa Raghavan, and Daniel J. Raiten Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review The Journal of Nutrition; Supplement: Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) Expert Panel Reviews, Part 1	more information
		Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future [2012] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 01:37 Michael B Zimmermann and Maria Andersson Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future Nutrition Reviews, 2012, Vol. 70(10):553–570	more information

Urinary iodine

		Urinary iodine concentrations for determining iodine status in populations [WHO/NMH/NHD/EPG/13.1] [2013] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:39 Urinary iodine concentrations for determining iodine status in populations World Health Organization (WHO) Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) 2013 WHO/NMH/NHD/EPG/13.1	more information
		Comparison of median urinary iodine concentration as an indicator of iodine status among pregnant women, school-age children, and non-pregnant women [2011] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 02:37 Esther M. Wong, Kevin M. Sullivan, Cria G. Perrine, Lisa M. Rogers, and Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas Comparison of median urinary iodine concentration as an indicator of iodine status among pregnant women, school-age children, and nonpregnant women Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2011, vol. 32, no. 3	more information
		Systematic review of studies evaluating urinary iodine concentration as a predictor of 24-hour urinary iodine excretion for estimating population iodine intake [2015] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:55 Systematic review of studies evaluating urinary iodine concentration as a predictor of 24-hour urinary iodine excretion for estimating population iodine intake Chen Ji, Tammy Lu, Omar Dary, Branka Legetic, Norm R. Campbell, and Francesco P. Cappuccio on behalf of the Sub-Group for Research and Surveillance of the PAHO–WHO Regional Expert Group for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention through Population-wide Dietary Salt Reduction Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(1):73–81	more information
		Estimating inadequate and excessive iodine intakes from the distribution of urinary iodine concentrations [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:53 IDD Newsletter, 2016, Vol 44, No. 2 (May) Excerpted from: Zimmermann M et al. Estimation of the Prevalence of Inadequate and Excessive Iodine Intakes in School-Age Children from the Adjusted Distribution of Urinary Iodine Concentrations from Population Surveys. The Journal of Nutrition May 4, 2016	more information
		Estimation of the prevalence of inadequate and excessive iodine intakes in school-age children from the adjusted distribution of urinary iodine concentrations from population surveys [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:57 Michael B Zimmermann, Izzeldin Hussein, Samia Al Ghannami, Salah El Badawi, Nawal M Al Hamad, Basima Abbas Hajj, Mohamed Al-Thani, Al Anoud Al-Thani, Pattanee Winichagoon, Tippawan Pongcharoen, Frits van der Haar, Jia Qing-Zhen, Susanne Dold, Maria Andersson, and Alicia L Carriquiry Estimation of the prevalence of inadequate and excessive iodine intakes in school-age children from the adjusted distribution of urinary iodine concentrations from population surveys The Journal of Nutrition. First published ahead of print May 4, 2016 as doi: 10.3945/jn.115.229005.	more information
		Annex 3: Measuring urinary iodine using ammonium persulfate (Method A) [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 12:12 Annex 3: Measuring urinary iodine using ammonium persulfate (Method A) In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD 2007 World Health Organization: Geneva ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, urinary iodine	more information
		Annex 5: Summarizing urinary iodine data: a worked example [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 12:35 Annex 5: Summarizing urinary iodine data: a worked example In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD 2007 World Health Organization: Geneva ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, urinary iodine	more information
		Fast B-test last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:29
		Standard operating procedure (SOP) for estimating iodine in urine by colorimetric method last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:39 Described herewith is the standard operating procedure for estimation of iodine in urine by colorimetric method after chloric acid digestion	more information
		The EQUIP urinary iodine standardization program [2008-2012] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 12:33 Ensuring the Quality of Urinary Iodine Procedures (EQUIP) On this page you'll find the following documents to download: 1. EQUIP Booklet (5.8 MB) The challenge of Iodine Deficiency Disorder: A decade of CDC’s Ensuring the Quality of Urinary Iodine Procedures Program (EQUIP) 10 year anniversary Compiled by Dr. Amir A. Makhmudov and Dr. Kathleen L. Caldwell September 2011 2. EQUIP Brochure (0.79 MB) US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2008 3. EQUIP Factsheet (0.85 MB) US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) March 2012 4. US CDC Division of Laboratory Science Brochure (2.2 MB)	more information
		A practical approach to long-term monitoring of iodine laboratories [EQUIP] [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 16:14 Gary Ma A practical approach to long-term monitoring of iodine laboratories IDD Newsletter, 2016, vol. 44, No. 4 (Nov) To ensure sustainability of IDD control programs, it is essential to collect accurate data on urinary iodine levels and salt iodine content. These require rigorous and sustained laboratory testing systems.	more information

Thyroglobulin

		Thyroglobulin is a useful biomarker of adequate iodine status in adults [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 16:17 IDD Newsletter, 2016, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Aug) Excerpted from: Angela M. Leung, a summary of Feei Ma Z, Venn BJ, Manning PJ, Cameron CM, Skeaff SA. Iodine supplementation of mildly iodine deficient adults lowers thyroglobulin: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. February 18, 2016 [Epub ahead of print]	more information
		Thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency: A review [2014] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 16:17 Zheng Feei Ma and Sheila A. Skeaff Thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency: A Review THYROID, Volume 24, Number 8, 2014 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0052	more information
		Thyroglobulin is a sensitive measure of both deficient and excess iodine intakes in children and indicates no adverse effects on thyroid function in the UIC range of 100–299 mcg/L: A UNICEF/ICCIDD Study Group report [2013] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 16:23 Thyroglobulin is a sensitive measure of both deficient and excess iodine intakes in children and indicates no adverse effects on thyroid function in the UIC range of 100–299 mcg/L: A UNICEF/ICCIDD Study Group report Michael B. Zimmermann, Isabelle Aeberli, Maria Andersson, Vincent Assey, Jorge A. Jara Yorg, Pieter Jooste, Tomislav Jukic, Djoko Kartono, Zvonko Kusic, Eduardo Pretell, Teofilo O. L. San Luis, Jr., Juliawati Untoro, and Arnold Timmer J Clin Endocrinol Metab, March 2013, 98(3):1271–1280 doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3952	more information

Goiter

		Annex 2: Method for determining thyroid size by ultrasonography [2007] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 12:13 Annex 2: Method for determining thyroid size by ultrasonography In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD 2007 World Health Organization: Geneva ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, thyroid volume, thyroid size	more information
		New reference values for thyroid volume by ultrasound in iodine-sufficient schoolchildren: a WHO/NHD Iodine Deficiency Study Group Report [2004] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 12:17 New reference values for thyroid volume by ultrasound in iodine-sufficient schoolchildren: a WHO/NHD Iodine Deficiency Study Group Report Michael B Zimmermann, Sonja Y Hess, Luciano Molinari, Bruno de Benoist, Franc¸ois Delange, Lewis E Braverman, Kenji Fujieda, Yoshiya Ito, Pieter L Jooste, Khairya Moosa, Elizabeth N Pearce, Eduardo A Pretell, and Yoshimasa Shishiba The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, February 2004, 79(2):231-7 program design, monitoring, thyroid volume, thyroid size	more information
		Goiter assessment: Help or hindrance in tracking progress in Iodine Deficiency Disorders control program? [2001] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 16:46 Jonathan Gorstein Letter to the Editor. THYROID, 2001, Volume 11, Number 12 doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/10507250152741082	more information

Indicators of USI program performance

		last update:

Household coverage of iodized salt

		Assessing coverage of population-based and targeted fortification programs with the use of the Fortification Assessment Coverage Toolkit (FACT): background, toolkit development, and supplement overview [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:07 Valerie M Friesen, Grant J Aaron, Mark Myatt, and Lynnette M Neufeld Assessing coverage of population-based and targeted fortification programs with the use of the Fortification Assessment Coverage Toolkit (FACT): background, toolkit development, and supplement overview The Journal of Nutrition First published online April 12, 2017; doi:10.3945/jn.116.242842. Supplement—Assessing Coverage of Population-Based and Targeted Fortification Programs: Results and Implications for Program Improvement and Measuring Potential for Impact	more information
		Assessing household use of adequately iodized salt: a methodology that combines use of rapid test kits and quantitative assessment [2007] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:05 Assessing household use of adequately iodized salt: a methodology that combines use of rapid test kits and quantitative assessment Karen Codling, Frits van der Haar, Jonathan Gorstein, Arnold Timmer, Ludmila Ivanova UNICEF, 2007 monitoring, iodide, QAQC	more information
		Household Questionnaire: Salt iodization last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:52 Household Questionnaire: Salt iodization MICS, UNICEF program design, monitoring	more information

Tools: measuring iodine content in salt

		Annex 1: Titration method for determining salt iodate and salt iodide content [2007] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 03:08 Annex 1: Titration method for determining salt iodate and salt iodide content [2007] In: Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD World Health Organization: Geneva, 2007 ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 program design, monitoring, salt, titration, iodization, iodisation	more information
		Testing protocol: Iodine estimation of salt [2007] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 02:45 Testing Protocol: Iodine Estimation of Salt WHO, Government of India, AIIMS, ICCIDD, 2007 monitoring, QAQC	more information
		Sodium chloride - analytical standard. Determination of total Iodine titrimetric method with sodium thiosulphate [2005] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:09 Sodium chloride - analytical standard. Determination of total Iodine titrimetric method with sodium thiosulphate EUSalt (European Salt Producers' Association) EuSalt/AS 002-2005 (Former numbering: ECSS/CN 91-1974 & ESPA/CN-E-109-1994)	more information
		WYD iodine checker last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:09 WYD iodine checker	more information
		Performance of rapid test kits to assess household coverage of iodized salt [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 15:48 Jonathan Gorstein, Frits van der Haar, Karen Codling, Robin Houston, Jacky Knowles and Arnold Timmer Performance of rapid test kits to assess household coverage of iodized salt Public Health Nutrition, 2016, 19(15), 2712–2724 doi:10.1017/S1368980016000938	more information
		Rapid Test Kits (RTKs) can only provide a ‘yes or no’ on whether salt contains iodine but cannot assess salt iodine content [2016] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 04:42 IDD Newsletter, 2016, Volume 44, Number 4 (Nov)	more information

10. Programs: IDD communication and demand creation

		Prototype Point-of-Purchase Study for IDD last update: Tue. 20.03.18 12:50 Purpose To suggest ideas for conducting a needs assessment for message design. This is a pilot qualitative study on available salts, preferences, costs, and use. The following questions are meant as a guide for a pilot study concerning salt use and the potential for point-of-purchase education about iodized salt. They are not meant to produce numbers for publication or precise measurement of attitudes and knowledge. Instead, they are designed for a quick and very rapid initial data collection tool.	more information
		USI advocacy and communications: Defining a global framework [2012] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:26 Universal Salt Iodization advocacy and communications: Defining a global framework Joy Del Rosso, The Manoff Group Expanded Quarterly Meeting—UNICEF/NY January 24, 2012	more information
		Section VI. The Role of education and communication [2004] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 11:39 Section VI. The Role of Education and Communication Jack Ling In: Basil Hetzel, Francois Delange, John T Dunn, Jack Ling, Venkatesh Mannar, Chandrakant Pandav (eds.) Towards the Global Elimination of Brain Damage Due to Iodine Deficiency. A global program for human development with a model applicable to a variety of health, social and environmental problems. Oxford University Press: Delhi, 2004 http://www.ign.org/towards-the-global-elimination-of-brain-damage-due-to-iodine-deficiency.htm communication, demand creation	more information

11. Global partners against IDD

		last update:

Global partnership: Key documents

		Section III. The Global Partnership [2004] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:41 Section III. The Global Partnership In: Basil Hetzel, Francois Delange, John T Dunn, Jack Ling, Venkatesh Mannar, Chandrakant Pandav (eds.) Towards the Global Elimination of Brain Damage Due to Iodine Deficiency. A global program for human development with a model applicable to a variety of health, social and environmental problems. 2004. Oxford University Press: Delhi http://www.ign.org/towards-the-global-elimination-of-brain-damage-due-to-iodine-deficiency.htm partnership	more information
		Round Table: Eliminating iodine deficiency disorders—the role of the International Council in the global partnership [2002] last update: Sun. 18.03.18 13:29 Round Table: Eliminating iodine deficiency disorders—the role of the International Council in the global partnership Basil S. Hetzel Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2002, 80 (5): 410-417 history, policy, partnerships	more information

Key partners in the global fights against IDD

		World Health Organisation (WHO) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:20
		United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:21
		Kiwanis last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:26
		Nutrition International (NI) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:27
		Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:20
		USAID last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:19
		Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:22
		Food Fortification Initiative (FFI) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:20
		EUthyroid last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:23
		World Iodine Association (WIA) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:31
		TATA Salt last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:28
		China National Salt Industry Corporation last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:29
		European Salt Producers Association (EuSalt) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:30
		Salt Institute last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:29

12. General media

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Videos and podcasts

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The Iodine Global Network

		Prof. Creswell Eastman receives the Order of Australia Award last update: Tue. 29.05.18 10:31
		Iodine Deficiency - Interview with Prof. Zimmermann (ETH, Zurich) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:45 AllCharitiesUK interviewed our Chair, Prof. Michael Zimmermann, a global authority on iodine deficiency. Interview published on 18 Jan 2017 Questions asked: 1. What is iodine deficiency? (0:08) 2. What are the effects of iodine deficiency? (0:25) 3. What is the current situation globally? Which countries are most affected? (0:48) 4. Can you introduce us to Iodine Global Network and its mission? (1:21) 5. How many people has Iodine Global Network supported so far? (2:09) 6.What are Iodine Global Network’s goals for the upcoming years? (2:29) 7. How many people would be impacted if you were to receive a donation of 100 CHF? (2:41) 8. What is your biggest challenge to achieving this mission? (3:05) 9. How will Iodine Global Network use the funds it will receive from AllCharities? (3:30) 10. What would have to happen in order to solve iodine deficiency worldwide? (3:57) 11. What do you think about Xenia’s campaign to raise awareness about IGN? (4:28) 12. How important is the role of artists and social influencers in the charitable sector? (4:58) 13. How do you think the collaboration between Xenia and IGN will impact the fundraising? (5:16)	more information
		Award to Dr. Eduardo Pretell at the MN Forum in Cancun, 24 October, 2016 last update: Tue. 29.05.18 10:31 Prof. Eduardo A Pretell, MD, receives an award in recognition of his contribution to the elimination of IDD from the Americas and to mark 50 years of dedicated service to the ICCIDD (IGN) and the people of Peru and Latin America. Presented by Michael Zimmermann at the Micronutrient Forum on October 24, 2016 in Cancun, Mexico.	more information
		Two decades of progress against iodine deficiency: 1993-2015 last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:47 These maps show global progress made at the national level since the first global scorecard was published in 1993 to the most recent update in January 2015. The darker the colour, the more severe the iodine deficiency as a public health problem.	more information
		IGN Management Council meeting, 1-3 April 2015 last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:48 Inaugural session of the IGN's annual Management Council meeting, in Muscat, Oman. Speakers talk about global and regional (MENA) progress against IDD, and the role of the IGN in combining strategies for salt iodization with salt reduction.	more information
		Sansom Institute Seminar - Dr Basil Hetzel last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:48 Dr Basil Hetzel presented a Sansom Institute for Health Research Seminar on Wednesday 11 July 2012.	more information
		Preventing mental retardation due to iodine deficiency last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:49 Tribute to Dr. Basil Hetzel, scientist, researcher, entrepreneur, pioneer and colleague in Health and Nutrition. Developed a global movement to counter Iodine Deficiency and mental retardation.	more information
		Basil Hetzel - a family tribute video last update: Mon. 05.03.18 11:50 A short video compiled from footage collected a few years ago by Basil's nephew Sam.	more information
		Basil Hetzel Tribute - a slide show last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:10 Dr Basil Hetzel Slideshow from Artist Made Productions on Vimeo.	more information

Salt iodization

		How to raise your IQ last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:00 "A simple, effective way to improve the health of the poor is to add iodine to the salt supply", says Nicholas D. Kristof in a video to accompany his New York Times article on salt iodizationAchtung Link öffnet sich in einem neuen Fenster, published in December 2008. "An educated guess is that iodine deficiency results in a needless loss of more than 1 billion I.Q. points around the world", says Kristoff. "Probably no other technology ... offers as large an opportunity to improve lives ... at such low cost and in such a short time."	more information
		Iodized salt last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:01 Iodine deficiency affects 2 billion people worldwide and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual and developmental disabilities. According to public health experts, iodization of salt, may be the world's simplest and most cost-effective measure available to improve health. Iodized salt is beneficial to the general public, however there is growing evidence that iodized salt may not provide a complete solution for pregnant and breast feeding women. Published on 30 October, 2015.	more information
		Promoting iodized salt in Pakistan last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:02 Consuming iodized salt helps to ensure adequate iodine nutrition among mothers-to-be, pregnant, and breastfeeding women. Optimal iodine status among women helps to ensure correct brain development in unborn babies.	more information
		Dibocor's salt for Senegal last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:21 Dibocor Salt is a small-scale salt harvester in the village of Farabougou in the Kaolack region of Senegal. Dibocor needs a new way to iodize his salt and the Micronutrient Initiative, harnessing the strength of its partners, may have the solution a sustainable solution for all of Senegal's small producers.	more information
		Towards 100% iodization in Kenya last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:22 Video produced by Kenya's Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. Children who consume iodized salt perform better at school, and this leads to higher achievements in life. Salt producers show support for salt iodization.	more information
		WFP and Micronutrient Initiative work to boost salt iodization in Sudan last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:23 In Sudan, 22% of the population is affected by Iodine Deficiency Disorder, the single greatest preventable cause of mental retardation. This condition affects children's ability to learn. WFP is working with the Canadian foundation 'Micronutrient Initiative' to help address this issue. Salt producers in Sudan are being helped to improve their iodization capacity.	more information
		Nutritional impact of salt iodization along the value chain last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:24 Micronutrient Initiative President Emeritus Venkatesh Mannar recounts his experience. This video was inspired by Venkatesh Mannar's interstitial discussion at the Scaling Up Nutrition side event during the 2012 UN General Assembly. The Micronutrient Initiative's work is undertaken with the support of the Government of Canada through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and other generous donors. Published on 30 Dec 2012.	more information
		For a few pennies more - Indonesia last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:24 Twenty years ago, Dr. Djokomoelyanto, a distinguished Indonesian endocrinologist injected large numbers of cretins in the surrounding area with iodine-infused oil. Kamidi was one of his patients. Within weeks, as Prof. Djokomoelyanto recounts in this moving Life programme, the cretins started feeling more energetic and lively.	more information
		World Salt Symposium 2018: Technical session on iodine and health (4A) last update: Mon. 30.07.18 13:55
		World Salt Symposium 2018: Technical session on iodine and health (5A) last update: Mon. 30.07.18 13:56
		Song about iodized salt, the Leahaly band, Morondava, 14 February 2019 last update: Wed. 17.07.19 17:30

Global progress against IDD

		BBC Radio 4: In Their Element Series. Awesome iodine last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:27 The phrase 'essential 'element' is often incorrectly used to describe the nutrients we need, but can aptly be applied to iodine - without it we would suffer severe developmental problems. Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones, responsible for the regulation of our metabolism. And yet most of us have no idea how much we need, nor where it comes from. In her research, Margaret Rayman, Professor of Nutritional Medicine at Surrey University, has found pregnant women in particular are at risk of iodine deficiency - and there's a lack of iodine in what many consider healthy diets. As well as looking at contemporary issues with iodine, Margaret explores the legacy of past iodine deficiency - the word cretin, was coined to describe someone living in the Alps with such a condition. We learn why you might find iodine in British milk - but not necessarily elsewhere in the world, and we discuss the consequences of exposure to radioactive iodine isotopes - both good and bad.	more information
		Belize conducts its first National Survey to estimate iodine status in school-age children last update: Mon. 30.07.18 13:54
		IDD is reported in Israel and iodine is making headlines last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:32 Iodine is making headlines in Israel, after the first national iodine survey reveals a high burden of iodine deficiency among Israelis, posing a high risk of maternal and fetal hypothyroidism and impaired neurological development of the fetus. Two videos, available in Hebrew.	more information
		Is your diet putting you at risk of iodine deficiency? on Life Matters (podcast) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:35 An episode of Life Matters, with Amanda Smith on RN (Radio National) in Australia. Amanda interviews Creswell Eastman (Professor of Medicine Sydney Medical School, Principal at the Sydney Thyroid Clinic, Consultant Emeritus, Westmead Hospital) and Karen Charlton (Nutritional epidemiologist at the University of Wollongong's School of Medicine).	more information
		Iodine deficiency once again a Cambodian public health issue last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:34 When Arnaud Laillou, a nutrition specialist with UNICEF, led a salt iodization study in 2014, he wanted to be sure that salt producers were not adding too much iodine. Just four years earlier, UNICEF had stopped providing iodine to salt producers at the end of a decade-long, largely successful government-run iodization program. Laillou was stunned to find that 90 percent of coarse salt and 40-50 percent of fine salt was now not iodized. And all of it was labeled as iodized.	more information
		How Cres Eastman saved a million brains (podcast and video) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:41 Endocrinologist Creswell Eastman does crucial work around the world, preventing birth defects caused by Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Professor Creswell (Cres) Eastman has led projects to abolish Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) throughout the developing world. Over the past decades, Cres and his teams have been effective in Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, China and Tibet. His transformative work with populations in remote areas of China led him to be dubbed "the man who saved a million brains".	more information
		BBC Episodes: Elements - Iodine deficiency in India (podcast) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:42 Why does iodine deficiency still blight children in developing countries like India? Justin Rowlatt travels to Dehradun in the Himalayas with world expert Chandrakant Pandav (IGN) to diagnose schoolchildren still suffering from goitre, and from the permanent mental retardation known as cretinism.	more information
		Project Iogeneration, Portugal last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:51 The iogeneration project intends to quantify iodine levels in school-aged children (6-12 years old) and to find a correlation between iodine levels and markers of cognitive development and thyroid health. This project also aims to explore the potential impact of iodized salt usage in meal preparation at school canteens and at home. In this study we collaborate with several schools form the North of Portugal with the involvement of Direção Geral da Educação (DGE).	more information
		Iodine deficiency in the UK last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:52 In 2011 the UK became number 8 in the list of top iodine deficient countries in the world. Before the findings of this survey the UK was believed to be iodine sufficient. No significant improvement has been achieved since this finding in 2011. However recently there is a rapidly growing understanding of the importance of iodine for babies' IQ in the UK and worldwide too. Published on 30 October, 2015	more information
		UNICEF: Global progress in reducing iodine deficiency last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:52 NEW YORK, USA, 26 June 2008 - A new UNICEF report reveals that, over a period of almost two decades, enormous progress has been made in protecting children and mothers from the debilitating effects of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Thanks to a global campaign by UNICEF and its partners, about 70 per cent of households are now receiving iodine through iodized salt, and 34 countries have universal salt iodization.	more information
		2010 Kiwanis - Sir Roger Moore last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:53 Sir Roger Moore talks to Kiwanians about the success of the Kiwanis & UNICEF project, battling IDD throughout the world.	more information

Food fortification

		How to ensure a #FutureFortified last update: Thu. 29.03.18 13:21 Top executives, researchers and scientists in the field of nutrition answer the question, “What can the global development community do to ensure a #FutureFortified?” Among them is Jonathan Gorstein, the Executive Director of the Iodine Global Network.	more information
		Fighting Hunger and Malnutrition - Bjorn Lomborg (#FutureFortified) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:27 We asked two of the world’s leading experts on nutrition and economics to document the benefits. Professor Susan Horton from University of Waterloo and professor John Hoddinott from Cornell have written a cost-benefit analysis of nutrition interventions aimed at reducing stunting; they conclude every dollar spent on nutrition in the first 1,000 days of a child’s life can give a saving of an average $45 and in some cases as much as $166. “The returns to investments in nutrition have high benefit cost ratios, and that this should be a top development priority.”	more information
		The buzz from the #FutureFortified Global Summit last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:27 Representatives from government, the academe, civil society and the private sector converged on Arusha, Tanzania, for the #FutureFortified Global Summit, where they discussed ways to improve food fortification, an inexpensive way to introduce micronutrients in staples like rice, salt, milk, cereals and cooking oil. Devex associate editor Richard Jones delivers the highlights from Arusha, Tanzania.	more information
		Global Summit on Food Fortification, 9-11 September in Arusha (#FutureFortified) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:28 Business Edition feature an interview with the Executive Director of GAIN, Marc van Ameringen and the Asst. Director of Nutrition Services from the MOH & Social Welfare and IGN Regional Coordinator for East Africa, Dr Vicent Assey as they talk about the #Future Fortified Global Summit held on 9-11 September in Arusha, Tanzania.	more information
		Understanding micronutrient fortification (GAIN) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:11 A video by Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN). Published 9 January 2014.	more information
		Food fortification is an invisible but effective malnutrition intervention last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:29 There are several key steps that can be taken to help elevate the profile of food fortification and help better address micronutrient deficiencies, Shawn Baker, the Gates Foundation’s director of nutrition, told Devex in an interview at the 2015 European Development Days. Published 26 June 2015.	more information
		Klaus Kraemer on the outcomes of the Micronutrient Forum Global Conference last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:08 Micronutrient Forum Global Conference, August 2014 With just weeks until Sight and Life magazine publishes the proceedings from MNForum 2014, Sight and Life Director Klaus Kraemer recalls the commitments made at the global conference and the momentum gathering in global nutrition.	more information
		Raschida Bouhouch on her award winning iodine study last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:13 Micronutrient Forum Global Conference, August 2014	more information

Nutrition

		'Outrage and inspire' podcast series (First 1000 days) [2018] last update: Thu. 29.03.18 13:40 Podcast from the food and agriculture team at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Includes excerpts from Roger Thurow's book 'The first 1,000 days' "The Power of Three Little Words," Feb 12, 2018 In this episode, we hear the power of agriculture to move people from "neither/nor" lives to "and" lives - nutrition AND school, home improvements AND new clothes. This is a narrative from the First 1,000 Days book. Explore the podcast series library: outrageandinspire.libsyn.com/	more information

Iodine supplementation

		Switzerland: iodine pills to take in a nuclear accident last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:55 Every ten years the Swiss government distributes potassium iodide tablets to people living near nuclear plants, but how effective are they? In Switzerland there are four nuclear power plants currently generating electricity. Potassium iodide tablets are sent out by the Swiss National Emergency Operations Centre, as a precautionary measure in the event of a nuclear accident.	more information
		Why should U.S. pregnant moms take iodine supplements? last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:56 U.S. salt intake has shifted from table salt to processed foods. Gourmet salt, sea salt and salt in processed foods is not iodized. Because of this change, new iodine deficiencies may be showing up. This is important for pregnant moms, as iodine is essential to support the baby's brain development. Dr. Wendy Sue Swanson reviews new AAP recommendations for iodine supplements.	more information

Iodine: the nutrient and mineral

		Iodine myths debunked last update: Tue. 29.05.18 11:11 Animated Video created using Animaker - https://www.animaker.com This is a short video that debunks the myth that Iodine is something that people can be allergic to. Many people believe that Iodine either in seafood or many other foods that we consume, is an allergen. Although there is a lot of Iodine in seafood people are actually allergic to the protein in the seafood instead. However, Iodine is a trace element, and no matter if it is found commonly in many foods, seafood, fast-food, or any type of food the bottom of it is this: humans cannot be allergic to trace elements! There are many trace elements found in the body, almost twenty-five of them to be exact. So remember you can deficient in iodine, but not allergic to it!	more information
		The importance of iodine to health last update: Mon. 05.03.18 12:57 Iodine is an essential micronutrient that has many roles in the body. Its intake is particularly important for women during pregnancy and for young children since it contributes to growth and brain development. To order or download a free publication on Iodine visit www.milk.co.uk/	more information
		Iodine - periodic table of videos (Royal Society of Chemistry) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:03 A University of Nottingham video on the chemical properties of iodine. Make sure you have iodine in your diet, or you may get "Derbyshire Neck".	more information

Iodine and the thyroid

		Simple goitre (1927) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:04 Anatomy and indications for surgical intervention in simple non-toxic goitre. By diagram, illustration and x-ray pictures the anatomy and complications caused by simple enlarged thyroid are shown. 3 segments.	more information
		The thyroid exam (Stanford Medicine 25) last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:05 This Stanford Medicine 25 video was created in conjunction with Stanford's AIM lab teaching the examination of the thyroid. The Stanford Medicine 25 is a Stanford School of Medicine initiative to teach and promote the bedside physical exam. Here you will find videos teaching bedside physical exam techniques.	more information
		Thyroid gland examination last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:06 Thyroid gland examination performed in February 2010 on a volunteer simulated patient by a second year graduate entry medical student. Uploaded on 27 Feb 2010.	more information

Media articles

		Fortifying salt with iodine - a simple measure to prevent intellectual disability. 20 December 2017, WHO last update: Tue. 22.05.18 01:23 Russian bloggers, media representatives and policy-makers gathered at a WHO event in Moscow to hear experts and researchers explain how iodine deficiency in pregnancy affects development of the child’s brain. ...	more information
		In shaping a nation's IQ, the answer is in salt. 18 August 2017, 52 Insights last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:54 It’s something that affects all of us, in fact, if you don’t consume it then you die, sodium chloride, better known as the food additive, salt. But in many countries, iodized salt, (which is salt fortified with the mineral iodine) remains the difference between a baby born with mental retardation or not. The issue remains a global problem and it is a significant burden to public health across the world most notably in the Western world. ...	more information
		A simple solution to lift the performance of Australian school children. 6 December 2016, Sydney Morning Herald last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:53 by Cres Eastman When will we ever learn? After the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study results were released in 2012 there was widespread surprise and disbelief to discover that Australian children had performed poorly compared with many other countries. ...	more information
		#FutureFortified: How food fortification can help end micronutrient malnutrition. 14 July 2016, Devex last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:51 by Greg S. Garrett Despite positive developments in reducing malnutrition over the last few decades, hundreds of millions of people globally still do not consume adequate amounts of essential vitamins and minerals in their diets to sustain good health and development. This is referred to as “hidden hunger,” a major public health problem that is holding back entire communities. ...	more information
		Soil solutions to iodine deficiency. 27 April 2016 and 5 July 2016, Hunger and Undernutrition last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:52 by Savanna Henderson, Humanitas Global Iodine deficiency disorder is the leading cause of preventable brain damage in children worldwide and deficiency alone can lead to IQ levels 10 to 15 points lower than those with adequate levels of iodine consumption. In 1990, it was found that nearly 30% of the world population was iodine deficient and 11 million people were affected by cretinism. When taking a closer look at Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD), it is found to characterize areas with low bioavailability of iodine in soils. ...	more information
		How to raise the world's IQ, taken with a grain of salt. 2 November 2015, Devex last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:48 Devex, 2015 November 2.	more information
		How to ensure a #FutureFortified. 14 October 2015, Devex last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:38 Devex, 2015 October 14. Alternatively: https://www.devex.com/news/how-to-ensure-a-futurefortified-87105	more information
		Hidden hunger is a global killer: Fortified food is crucial to ending malnutrition worldwide. 12 September 2015, Al Jazeera America last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:46 by Marc Van Ameringen As we celebrate the achievements under the U.N.’s Millennium Development Goals and look to accelerate progress with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, a silent epidemic is afflicting more than a quarter of humanity — 2 billion people — around the world. It accounts for 11 percent of the global burden of disease. This epidemic disproportionately harms young children and in some of its forms causes 1 in 5 maternal deaths. Unlike with climate change, cancer or global conflicts, ending this epidemic is well within our grasp; in fact, the cure has existed for almost a century, and it costs pennies per person. ...	more information
		Trade and Aid: Creating winning conditions for nutrition. 16 July 2015, Global Nutrition Report last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:47 By Joel Spicer The Ministry of Trade in Senegal and MI recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the aim of providing more people in West Africa access to adequately iodized salt. It may seem odd – a formal agreement between a trade ministry and a global nutrition organization, but there is an important connection: MI works not only with the Ministry of Health, but also closely with the Ministry of Trade because the success of salt iodization efforts in the region depends on it. We support the Senegalese efforts to expand the regional market for salt in a way that will help combat iodine deficiency, increase access to adequately iodized salt for the most vulnerable, create jobs, and maximize economic development. This is a win-win approach where development and trade objectives come together. ...	more information
		A global partnership's fight against iodine deficiency. 11 June 2015, The Life You Can Save last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:47 By Jonathan Gorstein and Greg S. Garrett The Life You Can Save and GiveWell recently highlighted the critical importance of iodine nutrition by recommending not one but two non-profit organizations working on iodine interventions: the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Iodine Global Network (IGN). So why is iodine nutrition important, and why right now? ...	more information
		Why #FutureFortified. 2 June 2015, Devex last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:41 by Marc Van Ameringen With the launch of the sustainable development goals now just months away, we have a unique and important opportunity to secure the commitment and support for proven and scalable interventions that can have a transformative impact in reducing malnutrition. Poor nutrition is one of the biggest global challenges of our time. Today, 2 billion people — that’s 1 in 3 people on the planet — suffer from micronutrient deficiency, otherwise known as “hidden hunger.”...	more information
		Doing good by doing well - Lessons from business for charities. 23 May 2015, The Economist last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:39 “WHAT charity will give me the biggest bang for my buck?” asks Elie Hassenfeld. In 2007 the former hedge-fund manager co-founded GiveWell, a non-profit organisation set up to answer that question for the growing number of donors who want to know how much good their cash will do before deciding which charity to entrust it to. GiveWell researches charities active in fields where there is strong evidence that great good can be done for a modest cost, such as cutting the incidence of malaria and treating children for parasites. The most effective are published in a list of “best buys”.	more information
		A good niche for Good Ventures? Maybe. A funder's bet on fighting iodine deficiency. 6 January 2015, Inside Philanthropy last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:40 by Sue-Lynn Moses Good Ventures, the foundation of Facebook cofounder Dustin Moskovitz and his wife Cari Tuna, is only a few years old, and it's already made some big bets, most notably on GiveDirectly, which touts direct cash assistance as the best answer to poverty. But the foundation remains a work in progress with a wandering eye. And that's a good thing, because it means that it's open to new areas of grantmaking—like fighting iodine deficiency, a crucial global health issue that often gets ignored by funders...	more information
		Feeding people is smart: It's the best investment to do good in the world. 16 October 2014, Economic Times last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:50 by Bjorn Lomborg According to the new Global Hunger Index (GHI), 805 million people in the world suffer from chronic hunger. This number is a slightly lower estimate than in previous years, and shows that the world is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the proportion of hungry people by 2015 relative to 1990 levels. Still, these findings, along with the shocking number that more than 2 billion people are malnourished and suffer from lack of micronutrients, also demonstrate how important it is that the post-2015 development goals focus on better nutrition and eradication of hunger much further. ...	more information
		Raising the World's IQ. 4 December 2010, The New York Times last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:38 The New York Times, 2010 December 4.	more information
		World's Healthiest Food. 2 January 2010, The New York Times last update: Mon. 05.03.18 13:39 The New York Times, 2010 January 2.	more information

Flyers, posters, infographics

		About the Iodine Global Network [Leaflet] [2020] last update: Mon. 18.05.20 14:15 May 2020	more information
		Russia public awareness campaign [Flyer] [2017] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:33 Iodine Global Network. Russia public awareness campaign brochure. IGN 2017 [cited 2017 June 12].	more information
		Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) from the Americas: a public health triumph/ La eliminación de los desórdenes por deficiencia de yodo en América: un éxito en salud pública [Leaflet] [2016] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 17:33 Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) from the Americas: a public health triumph/ La eliminación de los desórdenes por deficiencia de yodo en América: un éxito en salud pública IGN Symposium to celebrate the tremendous progress achieved towards the elimination of iodine deficiency and the benefits realized for the people in the Region. 24 October 2016, Micronutrient Forum, Cancun, Mexico	more information
		Iodine deficiency - Nestle [Infographic] [2015] last update: Mon. 19.03.18 18:43 Iodine deficiency [Infographic] Nestle, 2015 communication	more information

Speeches

		Address by Dr. M. Zakir Husain on sustaining elimination of iodine deficiency disorders [1995] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:06
		Statement "Ending the Stealthy Scourge" [1995] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Statement "Good Policy Makes Good Politics" [1995] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Remarks at Opening Session - National Consultation on IDD Elimination [1994] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Speech "Communications: Not a Message but a Process" [1994] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Statement "Eliminating IDD: A challenge to Business and Government" [1994] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Address by Dr. Hussein A. Gezairy [1993] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:03
		Speech delivered at opening of Indonesian national seminar on IDD elimination [1993] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Statement "Private Enterprise - Public Health An Expanding New Alliance" [1993] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Remarks at Opening Session - National Consultation on IDD Elimination in Southern African Countries [1992] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04
		Speech "A Better Future for All" [undated] last update: Tue. 20.03.18 13:04

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